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Dietary factors associated with high fat meal challenge based metabolic flexibility in women with metabolic syndrome
Author(s) -
Krishnan Sridevi,
Que Excel,
Justin Waller,
Gale Barbara,
Lee Fanny,
Horn William F,
Vedula Aneeta M,
Hall Joanne,
Welch Lucas C,
Kishimura Kathleen,
Keim Nancy L
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.799.11
Subject(s) - postprandial , medicine , meal , dyslipidemia , respiratory exchange ratio , respiratory quotient , metabolic syndrome , endocrinology , insulin , obesity , heart rate , blood pressure
Objective The primary aim was to assess metabolic flexibility as it relates to habitual diet, as well as in response to a high fat meal challenge (HFMC). Methods Thirty‐three women with insulin resistance and/or dyslipidemia were enrolled in this study. Block food frequency 2014 questionnaire was used to evaluate habitual dietary patterns. A HFMC test (800 kcal, 60% fat, 25% cho, 15% pro) was provided in a protocol that included blood sampling and measures of O 2 and CO 2 exchange using a metabolic cart at fasting and at 30, 180 and 360 minutes postprandial. Metabolic rate (MR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), fat (FOx) and carbohydrate (COx) oxidation rates were calculated from metabolic cart data. Food quotients (FQ) for habitual diets and the HFMC were calculated. Metabolic flexibility was assessed in the fasted state by comparing the FQ of the habitual diet with fasting RER (FQ DIET /RER f ). In the postprandial state, metabolic flexibility was defined as a ratio of [difference between average postprandial FOx and fasting FOx]/[difference between average postprandial COx and fasting COx] (ΔFOx/ΔCOx) and also the HFMC‐FQ compared to postprandial RER (FQ HFMC /RER HFMC ). Higher values for FQ DIET /RER f , ΔFOx/ΔCOx, and FQ HFMC /RER HFMC indicate higher FOx relative to COx. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate associations between dietary variables and metabolic flexibility. Results Three women were outliers (with reported dietary intake > 4000 Kcal/d), and the remaining 30 women were included for analysis. ΔFOx/ΔCOx was inversely associated with resting MR (r = −0.444, p =0.010), and showed an inverse trend with omega‐3 fatty acid 20:4 (r = −0.33, p = 0.07). FQ DIET /RER f similar to ΔFOx/ΔCox, showed an inverse trend with omega‐3 fatty acid 20:5 and 22:6 intakes (r = −0.31, p = 0.09, r = −0.33, p = 0.07). Similarly, FQ HFMC /RER HFMC also showed an inverse trend with 20:5 and 22:6 (r = −0.33, p = 0.07 for both). It is of interest to note that while both FQ DIET /RER f and FQ HFMC /RER HFMC were positively associated with habitual caffeine intake (r = 0.53, p<0.01, r = 0.39, p = 0.03), ΔFOx/ΔCOx was not (r =−0.15, p = 0.43). Also, both FQ DIET /RER f and FQ HFMC /RER HFMC were positively associated with habitual intake of flavanones (r = 0.37, p = 0.05; r = 0.35, p = 0.06), specifically hesperetin intake (r = 0.41, p = 0.03; r = 0.38, p = 0.04). Conclusions Metabolic flexibility based on fasting measures was associated with lower intake of some long chain omega‐3 fatty acids, and higher intake of caffeine and flavanones in women. Higher intakes of omega‐3 fatty acids also indicated poorer adaptation to the HFMC. However, these must be tested in a larger sample size, as well as in a controlled feeding trial. Support or Funding Information National Dairy Council Project 23370, and USDA‐ARS‐CRIS Project 2032‐51530‐022‐00D