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Beverage Patterns Are Associated with the Risk Factors of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults
Author(s) -
Lee Kyung Won,
Shin Dayeon,
Song Won O.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.797.22
Subject(s) - national health and nutrition examination survey , medicine , obesity , environmental health , abdominal obesity , metabolic syndrome , odds ratio , food science , population , biology
The importance of beverage consumption in overall dietary intakes and health outcomes has been underestimated. Beyond the one‐dimensional thinking that a specific beverage is good or bad, exploring the associations between beverage patterns and health outcomes is important in pursuing healthy beverage consumption for health. The aim of this research was to identify beverage patterns that are associated with the risk factors of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. This study used national representative data of 19,800 Korean adults (≥20 years) with information on a single 24‐hour dietary recall and health examination in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES), 2008–2012. All beverage items consumed by KNHANES participants were aggregated into 15 beverage groups. Using factor analysis, three beverage patterns were derived: 1) the “unsweetened beverage” pattern (high intake of unsweetened coffee); 2) the “sweetened beverage” pattern (high intake of sodas, sweetened coffee and tea, fruit drinks and sports/energy drinks); and 3) the “alcoholic beverage” pattern (high intake of alcoholic beverages and low intake of unsweetened coffee and tea, dairy products, and 100% fruit and vegetable juices). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 and components of MetS (abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated fasting blood glucose, and elevated blood pressure) was defined by NCEP III. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to determine the odds of obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome for each beverage patterns after controlling for sex, age, education level, income, smoking status, physical activity, BMI (except for obesity and abdominal obesity), day of recalled intake, and total energy intake. The “sweetened beverage” pattern was associated with higher odds of elevated fasting blood glucose and blood pressure (all, P for trend <0.05). The “alcoholic beverage” pattern was associated with increased odds of obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure (all, P for trend <0.05). No associations were found between the “unsweetened beverage pattern” and the odds of obesity and MetS risk factors. Our findings suggest that sweetened and alcoholic beverage patterns were significantly associated with odds of obesity and individual components of MetS in Korean adults. Consumers of specific beverages such as sweetened beverages or alcohols should be advised to consider the negative effect of those beverages on their health to make healthier beverage choices. Support or Funding Information This study was conducted by the generous financial support of the Youlchon Foundation (Nongshim Corporation and its affiliated companies) in Korea.