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Kimchi consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: results from a 10‐year longitudinal study
Author(s) -
Hyun Taisun,
Seo SukHyeon,
Han YoungHee,
Song Yoonju
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.789.15
Subject(s) - medicine , incidence (geometry) , metabolic syndrome , cohort , food group , confounding , cohort study , vitamin e , environmental health , hazard ratio , epidemiology , vitamin , obesity , lower risk , physiology , confidence interval , biology , optics , biochemistry , physics , antioxidant
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of Kimchi consumption and the incidence of metabolic syndrome based on community‐based cohort data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Among 10,030 men and women aged 40 to 69 years participated in the baseline, those who did not attend follow‐up study or who had missing data, or had the energy intake of less than 500 kcal or more than 4,000 kcal, or who had been diagnosed with chronic diseases were excluded. A final cohort of 3,560 adults was included in the analysis. Consumption frequency of Kimchi was assessed with food frequency questionnaire, and the subjects were classified into three groups: ‘three times a day group’, ‘once or twice a day group’, and ‘occasional group’. After controlling for potential confounders such as age, education, income, area, alcohol and energy intake, the consumption frequencies of rice and legumes were significantly higher, and the consumption frequencies of beef, pork, milk and dairy products were significantly lower in ‘three times a day group’ compared to ‘occasional group’. The average intakes of energy, carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron, potassium, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin B 6 , folate, carotene, and dietary fiber were significantly higher, and fat and retinol were significantly lower in ‘three times a day group’ compared to ‘occasional group’. There was no significant difference of the risk of metabolic syndrome according to the consumption frequency of Kimchi. But the multivariate hazard ratios of low HDL‐cholesterol after controlling for age, education, income, area, alcohol and energy intake was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.40–0.98) for women in the ‘three times a day group’ when compared to those in the ‘occasional group’. The results of this study suggest that consumption of Kimchi at every meal significantly decrease the risk of low HDL‐cholesterol in women.