Premium
Role of Nutrients in Metabolic Health: Updates in 2016
Author(s) -
Kern Hua Jing,
Mitmesser Susan Hazels
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.789.10
Subject(s) - medicine , observational study , nutrient , nutraceutical , metabolic syndrome , diabetes mellitus , disease , vitamin d and neurology , environmental health , gerontology , biology , endocrinology , pathology , ecology
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated chronic disorders including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are public health concerns in the U.S. and worldwide. The annual combined cost (direct and indirect expenditures) of cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, heart disease, and stroke) and diabetes in US amounted to $650 million in 2003 and is projected to be 1.96 trillion by 2023. “Good health is an investment in economic growth” and nutrition is one of the recommended preventive measures to manage these chronic diseases. However, it is unclear whether and to what extent nutrients could be beneficial to the improvement of these complicated conditions. To help answer this question, we performed a systematic literature search of the emerging human data on individual nutrients & MetS/CVD/T2DM: PubMed was searched from 1 January 2005 to 13 June 2016 using combination of the following keywords: “nutrient” OR “vitamin” OR “mineral” OR “nutraceutical” AND “metabolic syndrome”. The summary of literature comprises proteins, fatty acids, dietary fiber, sugar‐sweetened beverages, dietary antioxidants, vitamin D, folate, biotin, magnesium, chromium, nutraceuticals, gut microbiota, circadian rhythm, and nutrition in early life. Observational studies have shown positive evidence on the beneficial role of a number of nutrients in metabolic health. Although results of some clinical trials are consistent with the observational data, causality remains inconclusive due to either an overall contradicting data or sparsity of well‐designed relevant interventional studies. Instead of the traditional “single‐nutrient” concept, a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to integrate nutrients, lifestyle influencers (i.e. diet, physical activity, and sleep), early risk exposure (i.e. in‐utero, infancy), and population relevance (i.e. healthy, at‐risk, or diseased) may be worth considering in designing confirmatory intervention trials on nutrients and metabolic health. Support or Funding Information NA