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Higher Mediterranean Diet Quality Score and Lower BMI are Associated with a Less Oxidized Plasma Glutathione and Cysteine Redox Status in Adults
Author(s) -
Bettermann Erika,
Hartman Terry J,
Ferranti Erin P,
Jones Dean P,
Quyyumi Arshed A,
Vaccarino Viola,
Ziegler Thomas R,
Alvarez Jessica A
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.788.17
Subject(s) - mediterranean diet , redox , glutathione , body mass index , obesity , medicine , confounding , cystine , dash , endocrinology , chemistry , cysteine , biochemistry , organic chemistry , computer science , enzyme , operating system
Background Both plasma redox and diet quality are associated with chronic disease risk, although the extent to which diet quality influences plasma redox status is unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationships of diet quality and obesity with systemic thiol/disulfide redox status. Methods We performed a cross‐sectional study of 721 working adults in Atlanta, Georgia. Diet quality was assessed by diet quality scores of habitual dietary intake derived from Block food frequency questionnaires [the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Score, and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS)]. We measured plasma glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and their respective oxidized forms and redox potentials to assess redox status. Linear regression modeling was performed to assess relationships, independently of body mass index (BMI) and other confounders. Results The MDS was positively associated with plasma GSH (β=0.03, p<0.05) and negatively associated with the cystine/GSH ratio (β=−0.03, p<0.05) in multivariate models. Individual Mediterranean diet components (dairy, vegetables, fish, and monounsaturated fat) were also significantly associated with plasma redox outcomes (p<0.05). AHEI and DASH indexes and other dietary factors were not significantly associated with plasma redox outcomes. Obesity status was significantly associated with more oxidized plasma redox markers and several dietary factors, including diet quality indexes and sulfur amino acid intake (p<0.05). Conclusion Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with less oxidizing plasma thiol/disulfide redox systems, while obesity was associated with a more oxidizing state. These findings contribute to the feasibility of targeting diet to improve plasma redox status. Support or Funding Information Supported by Emory University and the National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000454, K24 DK096574, K01 DK102851).