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Dietary Patterns Derived By Reduced Rank Regression Are Associated With Cardiometabolic Disease
Author(s) -
Livingstone Katherine M,
McNaughton Sarah
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.788.10
Subject(s) - medicine , waist , body mass index , blood pressure , linear regression , obesity , refined grains , food science , endocrinology , biology , whole grains , machine learning , computer science
Objective This study aimed to investigate associations between whole diet, or dietary patterns (DPs), and risk markers for cardiometabolic disease. Methods Adults (n=2120; 19–85 years) were included from the cross‐sectional Australian Health Survey 2011–13. Two 24‐hour dietary recalls estimated food and nutrient intakes. Reduced rank regression derived DPs using fibre density (g/MJ), SFA: PUFA and sugars intake (%E) as response variables. Linear regression analyses present B coefficients (95% CI) for associations across tertiles of DPs and measures of adiposity (body mass index [BMI], body weight [BW] and waist circumference [WC]), metabolic markers (glycated haemoglobin, glucose, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL‐C and LDL‐C], and triglycerides [TAG]) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). An overall cardiometabolic risk score was estimated based on WC, HDL‐C, TAG, glucose and mean blood pressure. Results DP‐1, positively correlated with fibre intake and inversely correlated with SFA: PUFA and sugars intake, was characterised by higher intakes of wholegrain cereals, fruit and vegetables, and low‐fat milk and lower intakes of processed meat, confectionary and alcohol. DP‐1 was associated with lower BMI (−0.03; −0.04 to −0.01), BW (−0.03; −0.04 to −0.01) and WC (−0.03; −0.05 to −0.02). DP‐1 was not associated with metabolic markers, blood pressure or cardiometabolic risk score. DP‐2, positively correlated with fibre, SFA: PUFA and sugars intake, was characterised by higher intakes of wholegrain cereals, fruit and vegetables and low and high fat milk, and lower intakes of fish, snacks and alcohol. DP‐2 was associated with lower HDL‐C (−0.03; −0.05 to −0.01) and there was a trend towards lower DBP (−0.92; −1.89 to 0.06) and cardiometabolic risk score (−0.20; −0.41 to −0.01). DP‐1 was not associated with adiposity or other metabolic markers. Conclusion A high fibre and low SFA: PUFA and sugars DP was associated with lower adiposity, while a high fibre, SFA: PUFA and sugars DP was associated with lower metabolic markers and a trend towards lower blood pressure and overall cardiometabolic risk score. These findings suggest that there may be differing mechanisms through which dietary components, such as SFA, influence cardiometabolic risk. To account for these dietary complexities, public health policies would benefit from developing recommendations based on whole diets. Support or Funding Information KML acknowledges support from the Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. SAM acknowledges support from the NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (ID1104636).