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High fat diet induces hypertension but not vascular and cardiac remodeling in female Dahl sensitive rats.
Author(s) -
Fernandes Roxanne,
Bonilla Patricia A Perez,
Garver Hannah,
Galligan James J,
Fink Gregory D,
Xu Hui
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.691.4
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , leptin , weaning , blood pressure , hyperlipidemia , aldosterone , obesity , diabetes mellitus
Mechanisms responsible for obesity associated hypertension may be different in males and females. Altered vascular reactivity to sympathetic neurotransmitters and inflammation‐induced vascular remodeling/fibrosis contribute to obesity associated hypertension in males, but recently elevated leptin and aldosterone levels have been proposed to cause obesity associated hypertension in females. We and others have found that high fat (HF) feeding significantly increases mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in male Dahl salt sensitive (SS) rats. Here we sought to test whether HF diet increases MAP in female Dahl SS rats, and if the mechanisms responsible are similar in males and females. Female and male Dahl SS rats were fed either normal fat diet (NF, 10% kcal from fat with 0.24% NaCl, 0.4% K + ) or HF diet (60% kcal from fat with 0.3% NaCl, 1% K + ) for 24–26 weeks starting at weaning (3 weeks of age). At the end of the study MAP was significantly and similarly higher in HF versus NF males (n=9–10, 158±1 mmHg vs 130±1 mmHg) and HF versus NF females (n=4–5, 157±3 mmHg vs 125±7 mmHg) (P<0.05). Neither HF males nor females had larger final body weights than their respective NF groups. Hyperlipidemia and increased visceral fat were found in HF males, but not females, compared with NF rats. No differences in plasma levels of fasting glucose, insulin, leptin, aldosterone, or BUN were found between HF versus NF males or females. Male HF rats showed a greater acute depressor response to ganglion blockade than did male NF rats, but this was not seen in female rats. HF feeding did not cause alterations in mesenteric arterial (MA) contractile responses to sympathetic neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and ATP) in males or females. HF feeding significantly increased MA wall‐thickness and cardiac mass in males, but the changes were much less dramatic in females. Morphological studies did not reveal greater fibrosis in adventitia of mesenteric, intrarenal and coronary arteries from HF fed males or females. Our studies show that HF diet promotes hypertension in Dahl SS males and females without causing overt metabolic dysfunction in either sex. Females, however, are less prone to develop hypertension associated vascular and cardiac remodeling, and only males exhibit a neurogenic component to their hypertension. Support or Funding Information NIH2P01HL070687‐11A1