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Inhibition Of Biofilm And Virulence Of Candida albicans By A Marine Bacterial Isolate From Palk Bay
Author(s) -
Subramenium Ganapathy Ashwinkumar,
Swetha Thirukkannamangai Krishnan,
Pandian Shunmugiah Karutha
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.658.14
Subject(s) - biofilm , microbiology and biotechnology , candida albicans , virulence , corpus albicans , yeast , bacillus subtilis , biology , pathogen , chemistry , bacteria , biochemistry , gene , genetics
The yeast Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen in the commensal human micro flora. The pathogen is considered as a chief causative agent of candidiasis, a very common fungal infection in human. The yeast to hyphal transition and ability to form hypoxic biofilm on medical devices is well allied with virulence and antifungal resistance of C. albicans . Antagonistic agents targeting biofilm formation is the current necessity to turn down the recalcitrant biofilm cells, vulnerable to antifungal treatment. Thus, the present study is aimed at inhibiting biofilm formation and other virulence of C. albicans with a compound of microbial source. Initially, the biofilm inhibitory potential of Bacillus subtilis (Genbank Acc. No. KC433737), a marine bacterial isolate from Palk Bay was assessed. The ethyl acetate (EA) extract of B. subtilis showed potent anti‐biofilm activity, inhibiting 90% of biofilm cells approximately. Mass‐spectrometric analysis of EA extract of B. subtilis unveiled, a furan class compound as a major component of the extract. In furtherance, the anti‐biofilm potential of pure compound was evaluated at increasing concentrations, which showed 85% biofilm inhibition at 400 μg/mL concentration without affecting the growth. The non‐antifungal activity of both, the extract as well as compound was determined using broth micro dilution method. Light microscopic, confocal laser scanning microscopic and scanning electron microscopic images of control, EA extract and compound treated samples evidenced significant reduction in the thickness of biofilm. In vitro bioassays revealed the potential of compound to reduce other virulence factors of C. albicans such as production of lipase, protease, ergosterol and yeast to hyphal transition. The increase in susceptibility of compound treated C. albicans to antifungals was demonstrated through well‐diffusion assay. In addition, Fourier transform infrared analysis delineated the difference in carbohydrate moiety of exopolysaccharide (EPS) upon treatment. qPCR analysis showed differential regulation of genes responsible for ergosterol production and other virulence of C. albicans . Thus, the obtained results suggest that a furan class compound could act as a potent therapeutic medication for biofilm associated C. albicans infections.