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Evidence Mapping: Dietary Fiber Interventions and Bone Health Outcomes
Author(s) -
Rancaño Katherine M.,
Haslam Danielle,
Sawicki Caleigh M,
Livingston Kara A,
Sahni Shivani,
Chung Mei,
McKeown Nicola M
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.645.5
Subject(s) - medicine , osteoporosis , psychological intervention , population , sample size determination , randomized controlled trial , crossover study , environmental health , gerontology , alternative medicine , placebo , pathology , statistics , mathematics , psychiatry
The prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass is expected to increase as the United States population ages. High dietary fiber intake has previously been implicated as a risk factor for bone health by binding calcium and thereby reducing its intestinal absorption; however, more recently, interventions with specific dietary fiber types have shown the opposite effect. The purpose of this study was to utilize evidence mapping to summarize the current body of literature investigating the effects of dietary fiber on bone health outcomes. We conducted a systematic search in Ovid MEDLINE, aimed at capturing intervention studies examining dietary fiber and bone health from 1946 to May 2016. The search identified 671 initial studies. A priori defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were then applied, which yielded 29 dietary intervention studies for inclusion in the final analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize study design and population characteristics, dietary fiber types, and bone health outcomes. A bubble plot weighted by sample size was utilized to illustrate gaps in the literature. The majority of the studies were crossover, randomized, controlled trials (55.2%), had a sample size less than 25 (72.4%), and were conducted in North America (58.6%). The study populations were predominantly healthy (65.5%) adults (72.4%) (mean age age 33 years and BMI, 22 kg/m 2 ). We classified dietary fibers into four categories based on their physiological effects; 65.7% of fibers were classified as soluble, non‐viscous, readily fermented fibers. Bone outcomes were condensed into eight categories based on similarity; 35.9% of the outcomes were classified as calcium status and 12.8% were classified as magnesium status, bone resorption, and bone formation. Few studies assessed bone mass density (BMD) or bone mineral content (BMC) as an outcome (3.9%), and few were conducted for more than four months (8.57%). Future studies, of longer duration, which include other dietary fiber types, and focus on specific biomarkers of bone health (bone resorption, formation, turnover, and BMD/BMC) in conjunction with mineral status are warranted. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) North America, Technical Committee on Carbohydrates.Bone outcomes by dietary fiber type Bubble plot weighted by sample size displaying bone health outcome groups by dietary fiber type.