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Dietary Diversity in Mexican Adolescents from a 2016 National Survey
Author(s) -
GaonaPineda Elsa Berenice,
RodriguezRamirez Sonia,
MartinezTapia Brenda,
ValenzuelaBravo Danae Gabriela,
GomezAcosta Luz María,
ShamahLevy Teresa
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.643.25
Subject(s) - food group , fish <actinopterygii> , food frequency questionnaire , dietary diversity , medicine , food guide , national health and nutrition examination survey , environmental health , food science , demography , zoology , biology , population , agriculture , food security , ecology , fishery , sociology
Objective To estimate a dietary diversity score (DDS) in Mexican adolescents (12–19 years old) from a 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Methods From a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire of 7 days, foods and beverages were classified into 12 food groups: fruits and vegetables, legumes, meats, poultry and fish; water, egg, cured meats, fast food and fried Mexican snacks, salty snacks, candies and desserts, sweetened cereals, sweetened beverages and sweetened dairy beverages and dairy products. One point was assigned to each food group if it was consumed at least 10 grams and three days. A score was estimated by the sum of food group points and tertiles were obtained. Mean DDS and percentages of adolescents in each dietary diversity (DD) category was estimated taking into account the complex survey design and sample weights. Results DDS was obtained for 2447 sample that represents 15, 998, 501 Mexican adolescents. The mean DDS was 6.8 (95%CI: 6.6, 6.9), females tended to have a lower DDS score than males (6.4; 95% CI: 6.3, 6.6 vs. 7.1; 95% CI: 6.9, 7.2), adolescents resident of rural areas showed a lower DDS than adolescents from urban areas (6.6, 95% CI: 6.3, 6.8 vs . 6.8, 95% CI: 6.8, 7.0). Only 20.8% (95%CI: 18%, 23.8%) of Mexican adolescents had a high DD, 33% (95% CI: 30.1%, 36.6%) medium DD and 45.9% (95% CI: 42.6%, 49.2%) showed low DD. The main food groups that were consumed by at least 50% of adolescents in the lowest DD category were water, fruits and vegetables and sweetened beverages. For medium DD category were: water, fruits and vegetables sweetened beverages, dairy, snacks, candies and desserts, legumes sweetened cereals, meats, poultry and fish and egg; while in high DD category were: Fruits and vegetables, water, sweetened beverages, salty snacks, candies and desserts, dairy products, meats, poultry and fish, sweetened cereals, legumes, egg, sweetened dairy beverages and cured meats ( Table 1). Conclusions A high proportion of Mexican adolescents consumed sweetened drinks, the high DD is related to a high proportion of adolescents that consumed non‐recommended food groups. A strengthening of public policies is needed in order to reduce non‐recommended food groups consumption and prevent chronic diseases in Mexican population. Support or Funding Information Mexican Ministry of Health 1 Food groups consumed by at least 50% of adolescents by DD categoryLow DD Medium DD High DDFood group % (95% CI) Food group % (95% CI) Food group % (95% CI)Water 92.7 (90.4, 94.4) Water 96.8 (95.1, 97.9) Fruits and vegetables 98.8 (97.4, 99.5) Fruits and vegetables 80.8 (76.6, 84.4) Fruits and vegetables 95.8 (93.6, 97.3) Water 97.7 (95.4, 98.9) Sweetened beverages 75 (70.7, 78.9) Sweetened beverages 87.6 (83, 91.1) Sweetened beverages 97.5 (94.8, 98.8)Dairy products 73.3 (67.7, 78.3) Salty snacks, candies and desserts 89.6 (84, 93.4)Salty snacks, candies and desserts 70.4 (65, 75.3) Dairy products 85.5 (78.5, 90.5)Legumes 70.2 (64.6, 75.3) Meats, poultry and fish 83.7 (78, 88.2)Cereales dulces 62.3 (56.6, 67.8) Cereales dulces 83.3 (75.2, 89.1)Meats, poultry and fish 55.8 (50.7, 60.8) Legumes 82.9 (75.1, 88.6)Egg 50.6 (44.8, 56.4) Egg 80.2 (73.6, 85.4)Sweetened dairy beverages 59.4 (51.9, 66.5)Cured meats 53.5 (45.6, 61.3)