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A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials Examining Effects of Breakfast Composition on Weight Outcomes among Children and Adolescents
Author(s) -
Fu Zhuxuan,
Almahmassani Hiya,
Chung Mei,
Cook Chad
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.641.7
Subject(s) - observational study , medicine , psychological intervention , randomized controlled trial , meta analysis , pediatrics , psychiatry
Objective To systematically review and synthesize published clinical trials examining effects of breakfast composition on weight outcomes among children and adolescents. Methods A comprehensive literature search on Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science (date of inception to February, 2016) was performed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials in children and adolescents. Abstracts and potentially relevant full‐text articles were doubly screened against pre‐defined eligibility criteria. Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was conducted using the Cochrane ROB tool. Due to high heterogeneity of interventions, only qualitative synthesis was performed. Results Of 485 abstracts screened, 5 studies met inclusion criteria. When data were reported: Interventions ranged from 12 to 20 weeks, with sample sizes ranging from 25 to 178 including roughly equal number of males/females with a range of mean ages from 6 to 20 y. Interventions included: high vs. low glycemic breakfasts; 1 serving/d of cereal at breakfast and as a snack + increasing walking at least 2000 steps/d vs. maintenance of usual eating and step patterns; 1 serving of ready‐to‐eat cereal (RTEC) vs. 2 servings of RTEC vs. 1 serving of RTEC + nutrition education vs. no treatment; steamed bread vs. egg breakfast; and normal protein cereal‐based breakfast vs. high protein pork‐based breakfast vs. skipping breakfast. All studies found significant differences in weight outcomes between groups but results across studies were not comparable. Conclusion Although observational data suggest an inverse association between breakfast consumption and BMI among children and adolescents, there appears to be insufficient evidence from randomized clinical trials to support a specific breakfast composition for weight management in this population. Future trials should improve dropout rate and use blinded outcome ascertainment. Support or Funding Information Unrestricted grant was provided by Biofortis