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Simple Model for Screening Anti‐Cell‐Clumping Reagents: Acids
Author(s) -
Zem Gregory,
Pastrano K.,
Strelnicova A.,
Cabrera M.L.,
Cuevas J.,
Espinoza L.,
Voskanian C.,
Keshishian R.,
Sorayazadeh S.,
Alvarado B.,
Pizana S.,
WeismanMcCarley A.,
DeGuzman K.,
Pourkhayat A.,
Ellikkal K.,
Darmali A.,
oppenheimer steven
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.609.1
Subject(s) - acetic acid , citric acid , benzoic acid , yeast , reagent , chemistry , cell , biochemistry , chromatography , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry
Clumped cells can be more dangerous than unclumped cells in thrombocytic events, cancer cell survival and infectivity. In this study 3 acids (acetic, benzoic and citric) were tested for their effects on cell unclumping using a fixed yeast assay. Fixed yeast display similar cell surface properties as live cells (Acta Histochemica 104, 2002, 99–106). Matched approximately 0.25 ml drops of Prefer (Anatech Ltd, Battle Creek, MI) fixed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) in deionized water (95% ethanol for benzoic acid and its controls) with and without reagent were microscopically examined on glass microscope slides with stirring over a 60 min time course. Samples were assessed every 20 min for percent single cells and graphically and statistically evaluated. In about 2600 total trials acetic acid unclumped cells in a majority of the trials while citric and benzoic acid unclumped cells in about 20% of the trials. In a sample set of 30 acetic acid trials, counting several thousand single cells and clumps, the percent increase in single cells over controls at 60 min was concentration dependent with 17% increase with 1% acetic acid, 24% with 2% acetic acid and 33% with 3% acetic acid. Standard errors for experimentals ranged from +/− 2–5%. P values comparing controls and experimentals were: for 1% acetic acid, 20 min 0.08, 40 min 0.04, 60 min 0.07. For 2% acetic acid, 20 min 0.01, 40 min 0.00015, 60 min 0.002. For 3% acetic acid, 20 min 0.002, 40 min 0.004, 60 min 0.00006. The validity of this kinetic assay as potentially useful for human applications was suggested by comparison of fixed yeast results with a known human cell unclumping reagent (FASEB J 28, 833.1, 2014). Support or Funding Information Support: university funds from grants and donations: including NSF U.S. presidential award 0731633, NIH grant awards and Sidney Stern Memorial Trust (to S. Oppenheimer).