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Dietary Sialyllactose Influences Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomes in the Piglet Corpus Callosum
Author(s) -
Mudd Austin T,
Fleming Stephen A,
Chichlowski Maciej,
Berg Brian M,
Donovan Sharon M,
Dilger Ryan N
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.448.3
Subject(s) - white matter , sialic acid , magnetic resonance imaging , corpus callosum , zoology , medicine , oligosaccharide , endocrinology , chemistry , biology , pathology , biochemistry , radiology
Sialyllactose is a milk oligosaccharide composed of a sialic acid conjugated to a lactose molecule that is present in human, bovine and porcine milks. Animal studies have demonstrated a variety of biological effects associated with provision of dietary sialyllactose, including gut maturation, immune function and increasing brain sialic acid levels. This study aimed to examine the dose response effects of sialyllactose (Lacprodan SAL‐10 ® ; SL) on piglet brain development. Beginning at 2 d of age, 38 (n = 9–10 per treatment) vaginally‐derived male piglets received one of four diets formulated to contain: control (CONT) [0 mg SL/L milk replacer], low (LOW) [130 mg SL/L], moderate (MOD) [380 mg SL/L], and high (HIGH) [760 mg SL/L]. All diets contained 4 g/L of a 1:1 mixture of polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides. At 32 or 33 d of age, piglets were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures to assess macrostructural and microstructural brain development. All outcomes were analyzed using a one‐way ANOVA to assess differences between dietary treatments, significant outcomes were accepted at P ≤ 0.05 and trends at 0.05 < P < 0.10. Absolute brain volumes were not different (P > 0.05) between dietary treatments. Moreover, assessment of ten individual brain regions did not yield differences (P > 0.05) due to diet in absolute or relative volume measures. Axial, mean and radial diffusivity are used to assess white matter integrity and have been shown to change with age. We measured changes in these variables in different brain regions associated with feeding different levels of dietary SL. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed differences due to dietary treatment in measures of axial diffusivity (P = 0.002), mean diffusivity (P = 0.004), and radial diffusivity (P = 0.007) of the corpus callosum. In each of these outcomes, piglets provided the MOD diet exhibited the highest diffusivity measures compared with all other dietary treatments. Mean diffusivity (P = 0.075) and radial diffusivity (P = 0.051) in the left hippocampus tended to differ by dietary treatment, with piglets provided the MOD diet exhibiting the highest diffusivity measures. Recent evidence in piglets suggests provision of SL resulted in increased corpus callosum sialic acid. While the results presented herein do not assess sialic acid concentrations of the corpus callosum, our results corroborate recent evidence suggesting sensitivity of the corpus callosum to provision of dietary SL. The differences in corpus callosum MRI measures in response to dietary SL merit future research to assess the impact of SL on specific aspects of corpus callosum development and associated functions. Support or Funding Information This project was supported by Mead Johnson Nutrition.