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Dairy Products and Iodine‐Containing Supplements Use are Positively Associated with Iodine Status in Childbearing Age Women in the United States
Author(s) -
Arsenault Michelle Ann,
Lee Kyung Won,
Song Won O.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.446.7
Subject(s) - iodine , medicine , national health and nutrition examination survey , population , logistic regression , pregnancy , environmental health , iodine deficiency , food group , thyroid , endocrinology , biology , chemistry , organic chemistry , genetics
Iodine is a critical nutrient in the synthesis of thyroid hormone in the body. Although recommended dietary intake of iodine has been established, food composition data of iodine are not available and thus iodine status in population is determined by urinary iodine concentration (UIC). By using food group‐based approach, we reported that dairy products are positive contributors to adequate iodine intake in general adult population in the US. Inadequate iodine status during pregnancy is serious due to fetal neurodevelopment that begins the first trimester of pregnancy. However, little is known on dietary determinants of iodine status in childbearing age women of different race/ethnic groups whose intake of dairy products vary widely. We aimed to describe iodine status and its determinants in childbearing age women of different race/ethnic groups and their associations with dairy product intake. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2012 were utilized. A total of 2,722 non‐pregnant and non‐lactating women of childbearing age (15–44 years) with information on UIC, single 24‐hour dietary recall, iodine‐containing dietary supplements, salt use, and sociodemographic characteristics were included. Iodine status was assessed by two different WHO criteria (median UIC and the prevalence of UIC <50 μg/L) from single spot urine sample. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted after adjusting for covariates. Iodine status of childbearing age women had borderline iodine adequacy (median UIC: 126.6 [117.6–135.6] μg/L). Childbearing age women in the highest tertile of dairy product consumption had lower odds of UIC <50 μg/L (adjusted odds ratio=0.52; 95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.91), compared with those in the lowest tertile. An increase in dairy product intake by 100 g/day led to an increase in UIC by 5% ( P <0.01). Taking iodine‐containing supplements and using salt in food preparation were positively associated with UIC (all, P <0.05). However, those older, non‐Hispanic blacks, and highly educated tend to have a lower UIC than their counterparts (all, P <0.05). We found the major driving forces for improving UIC among US childbearing age women were dairy products and dietary supplements with iodine. Childbearing age women should be advised to increase dairy food consumption and iodine‐containing supplement use for achieving adequate iodine intake during subsequent pregnancies. Further studies are needed to identifying dietary and behavioral determinants of iodine status among pregnant and lactating women. Support or Funding Information This study was conducted by the generous financial support of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Undergraduate Research Program at Michigan State University.