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Regulation of Inducible Brown‐like Phenotype by Dietary 18‐Carbon Fatty Acids in Mouse Adipocytes
Author(s) -
Shin Sunhye,
Ajuwon Kolapo
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.44.4
Subject(s) - chemistry , downregulation and upregulation , medicine , endocrinology , thermogenesis , linoleic acid , fatty acid , thermogenin , prdm16 , lipolysis , adipocyte , beta oxidation , adipose tissue , biochemistry , white adipose tissue , biology , gene
Dietary fatty acids, in particular long‐chain fatty acids (LCFAs), regulate several metabolic processes and the activity of key transcription factors. However, effects of fatty acids on inducible brown‐like (beige or brite) phenotype is unknown. To determine whether dietary LCFAs promote thermogenesis in various types of mature white adipocytes, differentiated primary stromovascular cells (obtained from the subcutaneous inguinal fat pad), C3H10T1/2 cells, and 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with 50μM of the following 18‐carbon fatty acids: stearic acid (SA; 18:0), oleic acid (OA; 18:1, Δ9), linoleic acid (LA; 18:2, Δ9,12), α‐linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3, Δ9,12,15), γ‐linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3, Δ6,9,12), or pinolenic acid (PLA; 18:3, Δ5,9,12) for 24 hours. Expression levels of Ucp1 and Pgc1a were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. LA, ALA, GLA, and PLA upregulated Ucp1 in primary adipocytes ( p <0.0001); and GLA tended to upregulate Ucp1 in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes ( p =0.0910). We also determined the effects of selective β‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) agonists on induction of brown‐like phenotype. Adipocytes were treated with 10mM of dobutamine (β1‐AR agonist), bambuterol (β2‐AR), and CGP‐12177‐Hydrochloride (β3‐AR) for 4 hours. In primary adipocytes, β1‐ and β3‐AR agonists tended to upregulate Ucp1 ( p =0.0667), and all of the agonists upregulated Pgc1a ( p =0.0219). In C3H10T1/2 adipocytes, β1‐ and β3‐AR agonists upregulated Ucp1 ( p =0.0033). To investigate possible synergistic effects between the fatty acids and norepinephrine (NE; a non‐selective β‐AR agonist), adipocytes were treated for 4 hours with NE after a 24‐hour treatment with the fatty acids. In primary adipocytes, NE induced a higher expression of Ucp1 ( p =0.0031) and Pgc1a ( p =0.0651), and PLA augmented the NE effect ( p =0.0030, p =0.0170, respectively). In C3H10T1/2 adipocytes, NE upregulated Ucp1 ( p =0.0387) and Pgc1a ( p =0.0124), but there were no effects of the fatty acids. These results indicate that, among the 18‐carbon fatty acids, there is specificity in the regulation of the browning phenotype; thus, dietary abundance of these fatty acids may determine their overall effect on adipocyte browning. Support or Funding Information Support was received from the Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University