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Incorporation of Dietary n‐3 Fatty Acids into Selective Phosphatidylcholine Lipids in Human Plasma after Salmon Intake
Author(s) -
Zacek Petr,
Bukowski Michael,
Raatz Susan,
Picklo Matthew
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.42.4
Subject(s) - docosapentaenoic acid , docosahexaenoic acid , eicosapentaenoic acid , chemistry , polyunsaturated fatty acid , food science , fatty acid , oleic acid , palmitic acid , phosphatidylcholine , stearic acid , phospholipid , biochemistry , zoology , biology , organic chemistry , membrane
Elevated intake of n‐3 long chain polyunsaturatedfatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFA) is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. Intake of n‐3 LCPUFA is often quantified by analysis of plasmaphospholipid fatty acids (PLFA); however, the typical analysis by gaschromatography does not allow for determination of the phospholipid species that are enriched by the n‐3 LCPUFA. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that the n‐3 LCPUFA, namely docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), are incorporated into select phosphatidylcholine (PC) species following intake of farm‐raised, Atlantic salmon. Plasma samples were obtained from a randomized, cross‐over designed study in which participants ( n = 9) consumed farm‐raised Atlantic salmon at levels of 90 g and 180 g twice weekly for 4 weeks with an 8 week washout between treatments. Plasma lipids were extracted and analyzed using a shotgun MS/MS method with the capability to quantify isobaric PC species. Our data indicate that under basal conditions, EPA and DHA are incorporated into PC species containing palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), and oleic acid (OA) as the complementary fatty acid in the concentration order of PA>SA>OA. EPA content was enriched in PA, SA, and OA species following salmon intake whereas only PA and SA containing DHA species were elevated following intake. Interestingly, PCs containing docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were not elevated even though the salmon contained DPA. PC species containing n‐6 PUFA demonstrated a similar pattern of PA>SA>OA as the complementary fatty acids. No changes in n‐6 containing PC species occurred following salmon intake. Although linoleic acid (LA) was highly enriched in total PC, LA was not detected as a complementary fatty acid to any n‐3 LCPUFA species and was a minority complementary species for other n‐6 PUFA. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that (1)n‐3 LCPUFA incorporate into selective PC pools some of which increase with dietary n‐3 LCPUFA intake, and (2) there exists a hierarchy of PUFA containing PC species with selectivity for lower carbon length and higher saturation level for the complementary fatty acid. These data allow for a more refined characterization of biomarkers for PUFA intake and understanding of PC biochemistry in humans. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2014‐67017‐21758 and through USDA‐ARS project 5450‐51000‐048‐00D.