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Unraveling gene regulatory mechanisms in meiotic differentiation
Author(s) -
Brar Gloria,
Cheng Ze,
Van Dalfsen Kelsey,
Eisenberg Amy,
Hollerer Ina
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.390.1
Subject(s) - biology , meiosis , genetics , orfs , ribosome profiling , gene , genome , computational biology , translation (biology) , open reading frame , messenger rna , peptide sequence
Meiosis is a well‐conserved program of cellular differentiation. We performed genome‐wide measurements of translation using ribosome profiling through meiosis in budding yeast to better understand the molecular basis for the full cellular restructuring that accompanies meiotic chromosome segregation. This first global glimpse at translation through a developmental process revealed great complexity to the protein complement of these differentiating cells, both in the number and the structure of expressed genes. Nearly every gene in the yeast genome was translated in meiotic cells in a strongly stage‐specific manner, including thousands of genes with no previously known meiotic role. Prominent among these was key regulators of conserved stress response pathways, suggesting that meiotic cells coopt such pathways for programmed cellular remodeling. Translational regulation contributed broadly to the timing and levels of protein synthesis through several disparate and complex mechanisms, including use of upstream Open Reading Frames Additionally, meiotic translation of thousands of novel short ORFs was observed, including on transcripts previously thought to be noncoding and as alternate translation products from characterized transcripts, expanding our view of what constitutes a coding region even in the most well annotated eukaryotic genome. Support or Funding Information I am grateful for the NIH funding (DP2‐GM119138 and P50‐GM102706) that currently supports research in my lab, along with investigator awards from the March of Dimes, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and Pew Charitable Trusts.