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Evenly Re‐distributing Daily Dietary Protein Intake Does Not Augment Changes in Body Composition and Cardio‐metabolic Health Indexes
Author(s) -
Hudson Joshua L.,
Kim Jung Eun,
PaddonJones Douglas,
Campbell Wayne W.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.31.7
Subject(s) - meal , composition (language) , lean body mass , endocrinology , body mass index , medicine , zoology , chemistry , biology , body weight , philosophy , linguistics
Limited, inconsistent research suggests that re‐distributing total protein intake from one very high‐protein meal daily, to multiple moderately‐high protein meals, improves 24 h muscle protein synthesis and over‐time, and may promote positive changes in indexes of body composition and cardio‐metabolic health. We sought to assess the effects of within‐day protein intake distribution on dietary energy restriction and resistance training‐induced changes in body composition, including skeletal muscle size, and cardio‐metabolic health indexes. In a randomized, parallel‐design study, 41 men and women (mean ± SEM; age: 35 ± 2 y; BMI: 31.5 ± 0.5 kg/m 2 ) performed resistance training 3 times/wk for 16 wk concurrent with consuming a controlled, energy‐restricted (750 kcal/d below estimated energy requirements) diet. Subjects consumed 90 g protein/day in either a skewed (10 g breakfast, 20 g lunch, 60 g dinner; n=20) or even (30 g each at breakfast, lunch, and dinner; n=21) distribution pattern. Consuming an energy‐restricted diet resulted in reductions of fasting state body mass (LSmean ± SE; −7.9 ± 0.6 kg), lean mass (−1.0 ± 0.2 kg), fat mass (−6.9 ± 0.5 kg), serum glucose (−2.9 ± 1.2 mg/dL), HOMA‐IR (−1.3 ± 0.2), total cholesterol (−21 ± 4 mg/dL), and triglycerides (−26 ± 7 mg/dL). However, right mid‐thigh muscle area (cm 2 ) did not change over time. Collectively, the within‐day distribution of protein intake did not differentially affect body composition, muscle size, or cardio‐metabolic health index responses over time. Consuming an equivalent amount of protein daily distributed evenly (30‐30‐30 g/meal) versus skewed (10‐20‐60 g/meal) during dietary energy‐restriction combined with resistance training does not confer additional benefits to fat loss, lean mass retention or cardio‐metabolic health outcomes in young adults with overweight or obesity. Support or Funding Information Pork Checkoff; American Egg Board‐Egg Nutrition Center; National Dairy Council; Beef Checkoff; and the National Institutes of Health, Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Clinical Research Center, Grant # UL1TR001108.