Premium
Characterization of Wild Blueberry Polyphenols Bioavailability and Kinetic Profile over 24‐hour Period in Human Subjects
Author(s) -
Zhong Siqiong,
Sandhu Amandeep,
Edirisinghe Indika,
Freeman Britt Burton
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.148.5
Subject(s) - bioavailability , peonidin , anthocyanin , delphinidin , malvidin , chemistry , cyanidin , petunidin , polyphenol , food science , chlorogenic acid , biochemistry , antioxidant , pharmacology , medicine
Diets abundant in phenolic compounds have been linked to decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes. Wild blueberries (WBB) are one of the richest sources of dietary phenolic compounds containing notable amounts of compounds like anthocyanins and chlorogenic acids (CGA). Understanding their metabolic fate may provide insight to their health benefits and protection against chronic disease development. The purpose of this study was to identify and assess bioavailability and biotransformation of WBB anthocyanin and CGA in human plasma over 24 h. Healthy male and female volunteers (n=12) ingested a WBB drink (25 g freeze dried WBB powder) or Control drink with a standard polyphenol free breakfast on 2 separate occasions at least 1 week apart. Blood was collected and plasma extracted at baseline (t=0h), 0.25h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h and 24h. The anthocyanins in the WBB drink and their metabolites in human plasma were identified using HPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF and quantified by dynamic MRM transitions on HPLC‐ESI‐QQQ. A total of 30 anthocyanins were identified in the WBB drink. These included glycosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, petunidin and peonidin. 3‐CGA was also detected and confirmed with standards. All the anthocyanins in the WBB drink were found in plasma as well as 3‐CGA. The bioavailability for delphinidin, cyandin, malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin were each less than 1% and total bioavailability of WBB anthocyanins was 1.09%. The bioavailability for 3‐CGA was 0.22% after consuming the WBB drink. The Tmax of anthocyanins and 3‐CGA was ~2 h post ingestion. Tmax of phase II metabolites, including petunidin glucuronide, peonidin glucuronide, delphinidin glucuronide and cyanidin glucuronide was ~ 8.8, 2.6, 6.3 and 7 h, respectively. Phenolic acids metabolites, including vanillic acids, ferulic acids, 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, phloroglucinaldehyde, syringic acid were also detected in human plasma during the 24 h period. These results suggest that anthocyanins and CGAs from a WBB drink can be partly absorbed in their intact form and partly transformed to conjugated and degraded metabolites in humans. The data also indicate that there are early phase and late phase appearing metabolites in the blood of humans, which could have important health promoting implications. Future studies will be required to determine how these pools of metabolites impact physiology and the most sensitive systems to their effect. Support or Funding Information This study was funded by the Wild Blueberry Association of North America. Chemical analysis of clinical samples were conducted at the Institute for Food Safety and Health (Bedford Park, IL, USA). Agilent Technologies, USA, provided instruments, columns and technical services.