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Native African Plant Materials Modify in vitro Bioaccessibility of Provitamin A Carotenoids from Blended Cereal Products
Author(s) -
Debelo Hawi,
Ndiaye Cheikh,
Ferruzzi Mario,
Hamaker Bruce
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.914.4
Subject(s) - moringa , hibiscus sabdariffa , micronutrient , food science , hibiscus , carotenoid , nutrient , sorghum , crop , bioavailability , biology , horticulture , agronomy , chemistry , ecology , bioinformatics , organic chemistry
Native plant materials can play an important role in addressing deficiency of key shortfall micronutrients including vitamin A (VA), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in Sub‐Saharan Africa. However, information on the micronutrient composition of these plants and strategies for their incorporation into viable consumer products is scarce. In particular, limited information is available on the interaction of materials on the bioavailability of key nutrients such as proVA carotenoids. In the current study, 28 distinct plants and traditional cereal grains (millet and sorghum) from Senegal and Niger were characterized for their carotenoid and mineral content. Among the plant materials analyzed, Adansonia digitata (Baobab), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hibiscus) were identified as potential sources of key shortfall nutrients, Fe (54.5–237.2 μg/g) and Zn (4.2 – 72.38 μg/g). Dried carrot and mango materials common to West Africa were identified as provitamin A sources. Following initial screening, plant materials were formulated in model instant cereal based porridges designed to mimic thin porridge products common to West Africa. Proportions of instant cereal and plant materials were dry blended to deliver ~25% of the RDA for proVA, Fe and Zn as follows: extruded cereal based flour (45–65%), dried proVA rich plants (30% as carrot and mango) and dried mineral rich plants (0–25% as Hibiscus, Moringa or Baobab). Porridges were reconstituted with hot water (100°C), 5% oil was then added and the final product was introduced to an in vitro digestion model to assess the impact of mineral rich plant materials and grain background on the bioaccessibility of proVA carotenoids. Baobab inclusion was found to significantly increase (p<0.05) bioaccessibility of total proVA (TPVA) carotenoids from 18.26±1.8% to 31.68±4.1% (mean ± SEM) in dose‐dependent manner from 5% to 25% baobab. Conversely, carotenoid bioaccessibility was reduced with increased amount of Moringa and Hibiscus. Interestingly, Baobab at 5% had the lowest (p<0.05) digestive recovery of TPVA carotenoids (24.86 ± 5.96%) whereas Hibiscus at 5% had the highest recovery (55.35 ± 2%) suggesting that interactions between plant materials may impact both digestive stability and micellarization of proVA carotenoids. Based on bioaccessible proVA content of digested porridges, 200g of porridge with baobab formulated at 25% of dry mix) would provide 30% of the vitamin A EAR for children 1–3 years old. These results suggest that native plant materials selected to enhance mineral content may also promote interactions that can impact availability of proVA carotenoids in finished products. Support or Funding Information This research was supported by USAID Food Processing Innovation Lab (AID‐0AA‐L‐14‐00003).