Mechanisms of Otoconia Development and Clinical Translation

Otoconia are bio‐crystals which overlay the sensory epithelium of the utricle and saccule in the inner ear. The crystals couple mechanic forces to the sensory hair cells in these endorgans, a process essential for us to sense linear acceleration and gravity for the purpose of maintaining bodily balance. Otoconia abnormalities are common and can cause vertigo and imbalance in humans. However, the molecular etiology of these illnesses is unknown, as investigators only began to identify genes important for otoconia formation in recent years. This presentation will summarize recent findings, especially those in the presenter's laboratory. While continued efforts are needed to thoroughly understand the molecular mechanisms underlying otoconia development, it is clear that the process involves a series of temporally and spatially specific events that are tightly coordinated by numerous proteins. Such knowledge will serve as the foundation to uncover the molecular causes of otoconia‐related disorders in humans. Support or Funding Information NIH R01DC008603 and P20RR0187888