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Inclusion of Chicken Broth AAC1 as a Dietary Supplement Modulates the Gut Microbiome: Results of Next‐Generation DNA Sequencing
Author(s) -
Hawkins Jordan,
Norton Rhy,
Durham Paul
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.854.3
Subject(s) - biology , firmicutes , bacteroidetes , pyrosequencing , microbiome , feces , gut flora , phylogenetic tree , metagenomics , 16s ribosomal rna , phylum , zoology , gut microbiome , phylogenetic diversity , microbiology and biotechnology , food science , bacteria , genetics , gene , biochemistry
Objective The focus of this study was to characterize shifts in the rodent gut microbiota that occur as a result from the oral administration of the commercial chicken broth formulation AAC1. Background There is emerging evidence of the importance of maintaining a healthy gut microbiome. Changes in the ratio of the phylum Bacteroidetes to the phylum Firmicutes are associated with various metabolic disorders, obesity, and aging. Diet plays a key role in helping to promote the growth of bacteria that function to modulate inflammation in the gut and other tissues including the nervous system. Although many cultures report the benefit of chicken broth, the effect on the gut microbiome is not well understood. Methods Young adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats received 0.5% solid (w/v) AAC1 dissolved in their drinking water for three weeks. Basal fecal samples were collected prior to the inclusion of chicken broth into the diet. An additional control group was included that only received tap water. Fecal samples were collected from each animal at day 0 (basal) and day 21 (end of feeding). Also on day 21, animals were euthanized and caecal samples were collected. Total DNA was extracted and amplified from the V3‐V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene with sample‐specific barcode sequences prior to 454‐pyrosequencing. Returned sequences were assigned taxonomic classification using the SILVA rRNA database. Microbial community analysis was performed using phylogenetic packages in R . Only returned sequences greater than 96% identical to a known, published sequence were included in this analysis. Results A phylogenetic analysis of this raw data produced a total of 106 operational taxonomic units. Importantly, AAC1 did not alter the Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio in fecal samples after 21 days while promoting the growth of Proteobacteria. Inclusion of AAC1 in the diet resulted in an increase in several operational taxonomic units including Faecalibacterium, Parasutterella, Morganella, and Oscillospira. In the cecum samples, AAC1 selectively increased expression of Lactobacillus as well as Odoribacter, Gastranaerophilales, Faecalibacterium, Allabaculum, Coprococcus, and Oscillibacter while decreasing the levels of Intestimonas . Conclusions Results from our study provide evidence that dietary inclusion of AAC1 chicken broth causes a shift in composition of the rodent gut microbiota to increase the percentage of bacteria reported to aid in overall digestive health, decrease inflammation, mitigate the disruptive effects of antibiotics, and reduce the number of sick leave days in adults. Thus, our findings support the notion that AAC1 might be useful as a therapeutic prebiotic. Support or Funding Information International Dehydrated Food