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GC‐TOF/MS‐based Metabolomic Profiling of Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) Rats: Comparison of Diets Enriched with Purified Resistant Starch or Resistant Starch in the Form of Whole‐Grain Flour
Author(s) -
Martin Roy Joseph,
Fahrmann Johannes,
CarvajalAldaz Diana,
Guice Justin,
Page Ryan,
Raggio Anne,
Coulon Diana,
Stout Rhett,
Pelkman Christine,
Marco Maria L.,
Keenan Michael J
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.685.3
Subject(s) - metabolomics , resistant starch , chemistry , starch , food science , metabolite , biochemistry , chromatography
Dietary resistant starch has been shown to have profound effects on gut microbiota resulting in enhanced short chain fatty acids, elevated gut peptides and improved metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum metabolomic response to dietary purified resistant starch and resistant starch in the form of whole‐grain flour in GK rats, a non‐obese type 2 diabetes model. GK rats were put in four diet groups (n=12 per group) (1) control starch with no WG or RS [CON], (2) purified HAMRS [RS], (3) WG waxy corn flour with low RS [WG], and (4) WG HAMRS flour [WG+RS]. Each of these was fed for 12 weeks. Post 12 weeks, serum was collected and metabolomics analysis was conducted using gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to identify 327 compounds of which 154 had known annotations. Univariate analysis indicated 54 metabolites significantly differential (pFDR<0.05) amongst the dietary groups. The most pronounced metabolic perturbations were found in WG+RS group, followed by RS group, relative to control. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (O‐PLS‐DA) multivariate models were used to identify the top 10% of all metabolite discriminants between the dietary groups. Top discriminatory metabolites included 1) microbiome‐derived indole‐3‐lactate, indole‐3‐acetate and 3,4‐hydroxyphenol‐propanoic acid, 2) citrate, a TCA‐intermediate and important precursor for de novo lipogenesis and 3) primary bile acid cholic acid; all of which were increased in RS, WG and WG+RS diets relative to control. These findings provide unique insight into metabolic alterations attributed to starch resistance and whole‐grain effects and cumulatively point towards alterations in bile acid biosynthesis and the gut microbiome. Support or Funding Information Danish Council for Strategic Research, Ingredion and LSU AgCenter.