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Modulation of Colonic Microbiota Populations by Polyphenolic Containing Sorghum Brans May Protect Against Development of Metabolic Disease
Author(s) -
Lloyd Shan K.,
Ritchie Lauren E.,
Hicks Kristen K.,
AzcaratePeril M. Andrea,
Turner Nancy D.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.683.4
Subject(s) - bran , firmicutes , bacteroidetes , polyphenol , biology , food science , type 2 diabetes , obesity , gut flora , sorghum , feces , diabetes mellitus , bacteria , microbiology and biotechnology , endocrinology , immunology , biochemistry , agronomy , antioxidant , ecology , raw material , genetics , 16s ribosomal rna
Polyphenols in diets rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains may protect against metabolic disease states such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and chronic inflammation by influencing the distribution of colonic bacteria. This study was conducted to determine if the consumption of sorghum brans containing 3‐deoxyanthocyanins and/or condensed tannins could shift bacterial populations in healthy rats towards a phenotype that is thought to be more protective against the development of metabolic disease. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were initially provided a standard pelleted diet followed by a semi‐purified diet containing cellulose, sumac bran, black bran, or high‐tannin black bran (n=7/group) for 9 wk. Diets were matched to contain 6% dietary fiber and other macronutrients so that they only differed by the type of polyphenolic compounds in each bran. Fecal samples were collected 1 wk prior to beginning the experimental diets (day 0) and at 25, 32, 38, and 63 d following initiation of experimental diets to assess changes in microbial populations across time within diets and between diets. The cellulose diet increased the abundance of Firmicutes from baseline (p=0.0028), which was accompanied by a reduction of Bacteroidetes (p=0.0004); characteristics similar to those seen in individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes and inflammation. In contrast, sumac bran reduced abundance of Firmicutes (p=0.0010) and increased abundance of Bacteroidetes (p=0.0033); changes associated with a reduced incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation in individuals. At the genus level two bacteria associated with reduced metabolic disease, Bacteroides and Akkermansia, were increased from baseline by sorghum brans. Bacteroides was increased by sumac, high‐tannin black, and black bran (p<0.0001, p=0.0013, p=0.0052 respectively). An initial increase in Bacteroides caused by cellulose (p=0.0284) returned to baseline by day 32. Condensed tannin containing sumac and high‐tannin black brans increased Akkermansia from baseline (p=0.0559, p=0.0114 respectively), whereas black bran and cellulose had no effect. These seemingly beneficial modulations of microbiota populations due to consumption of sorghum brans containing different types of polyphenolic compounds suggest that the addition of these sorghum brans to polyphenol‐depleted diets may help protect against development of metabolic disease states such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation by improving colonic microbiota. Support or Funding Information Funded by USCP HMV006‐12 and NIEHS P30ES023512