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Dietary Plant Lectins Affect Lifespan and Dopaminergic Neurons in Ceanorhabditis elegans Model Organism
Author(s) -
Wang Mingming,
Laine Roger A,
Keller Jeffrey N,
Greenway Frank L,
Heymsfield Steven B,
Zheng Jolene
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.679.20
Subject(s) - caenorhabditis elegans , wheat germ agglutinin , peanut agglutinin , biology , agglutinin , lectin , fluorescence microscope , green fluorescent protein , microbiology and biotechnology , soybean agglutinin , biochemistry , fluorescence , gene , physics , quantum mechanics
Our preliminary data in Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) proved the concept that dietary plant lectins might be an etiologic agent and/or chaperone for viruses/toxin(s) to induce Parkinson's disease as they can trans‐synaptically transport into the nervous system. Those data supported Braak's hypothesis of an “unknown pathogen” that enters the central nervous system via retrograde/anterograde transport after penetrating the gastrointestinal wall. A recent Danish study showed that vagotomy resulted in a 40% lower incidence of PD over 20 years. Using fluorescent microscopy, laser scanning microscopy, and lifespan assays in C.elegans ( egIs1 [dat‐1p::GFP] ) to build up a library of lectins, we further tested thirteen more dietary plant lectins that might be transported to DAergic neurons (DAergic‐N). The animals were maintained in liquid culture in 96‐well plates (20°C), fed with standard lab food E. coli (OP50), and treated with florescent tagged‐lectins (lectins‐TRITC) with or without additional specific inhibiting sugars. Laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that Arachis hypogaea Agglutinin (PNA, 0.018–0.18μM) co‐localized with GFP‐DAergic‐N in C. elegans . Succinylated Wheat Germ Agglutinin (S‐WGA, 0.046 or 0.138μM) or Glycine max Agglutinin (SBA, 0.017μM) reduced the number of DAergic‐N (P<0.05). Lens Culinaris Agglutinin (LcH −0.5μM) or PNA (0.018μM) increased visibility of the numbers of GFP‐DAergic‐N from 5±0.2 to 7±0.4 or from 6±0.4 to 7±0.6 (P<0.05). Fluorescent intensity of GFP‐DAergic‐N was reduced (P<0.05) by Pisum Sativum Agglutinin (PSA, 0.43μM), Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (UEA I, 0.033–0.33μM) or Phaseolus Vulgaris Leucoagglutinating (PHA‐L, 0.017 or 0.054μM). The intensity of GFP‐DAergic‐N was increased by Phaseolus Vulgaris Erythroagglutinating (PHA‐E, 0.017–0.17μM), WGA (0.46μM), S‐WGA (0.046–0.46μM), Griffonia Simplicifolia I (GS I, 0.018–0.18μM), Dolichos biflorus Agglutinin (DBA) or Hippeastrum hybrid Agglutinin (HHA, 0.04–0.4μM). The size of GFP‐DAergic‐N was reduced (P<0.05) by PHA‐E (0.17μM), PSA (0.043μM), WGA (0.046–0.46μM), UEA I (0.033–0.33μM), S‐WGA (0.046–0.46μM) or SBA (0.017μM), increased by PHA‐L (0.017–0.17μM) or DBA (0.018–0.18μM). Treatment of PHA‐E (0.054μM), PSA (0.043, or 0.43μM), WGA (0.46μM), UEA I (0.033μM), S‐WGA (0.046μM) or LcH (0.05μM) increased lifespan (P<0.05). Lifespan was reduced (P<0.05) by S‐WGA (0.46μM), LcH (0.5μM), SBA (0.17μM), PHA‐L (0.17μM), Artocarpus integrifolia Agglutinin (AIA, 0.031–0.31μM), HHA (0.12 or 0.4μM), PNA (0.054μM or 0.18μM), GS I (0.18μM) or DBA (0.18μM). Our results substantiated our hypothesis that dietary plant lectins can be transported to GFP‐DAergic neurons in C. elegans model being an “unknown pathogen” that might have the potential damaging DAergic neurons that leading to Parkinson's disease.