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Changes in Nutrient Intakes by Age among U.S. Adults: Estimates from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2012
Author(s) -
Mishra Suruchi,
Goldman Joseph D,
Sahyoun Nadine R,
Moshfegh Alanna J
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.679.12
Subject(s) - national health and nutrition examination survey , nutrient , medicine , dietary reference intake , calorie , environmental health , dietary fiber , nutrient density , reference daily intake , vitamin , zoology , gerontology , demography , food science , population , biology , ecology , sociology
Objective As adults age, there is a decrease in energy requirement while the needs for nutrients remain the same or even increase. The aim of this research is to examine nutrient intake from foods and beverages across various age groups of US adults aged 19 years and over. Methods Nationally representative dietary intake data of adults aged 19 years and over (N=10,686) participating in What We Eat in America, NHANES 2009–2012 were analyzed. Two days of dietary intake data were collected using the USDA Automated Multiple‐Pass Method. The first day was an in person 24‐hr recall followed by a telephone recall administered 3–10 days later. Nutrient density measured as nutrient intake per 1,000 calories was compared by age/gender groups (19–30 years, 31–50 years, 51–70 years, and 71+ years) for nutrients identified as the shortfall nutrients (vitamins A, D, E, C, folate, calcium, magnesium, fiber and potassium) in the Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. Proportions of adults with usual intakes below the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were estimated using National Cancer Institute (NCI) Method. Results On a given day energy intake decreased and nutrient densities for dietary fiber, vitamins A, D, E, magnesium and potassium increased with age (p<0.001). Nutrient densities increased among older adults aged 71 years and over as compared to younger adults aged 19–30 years for dietary fiber (by at least 2.0 g/1,000 kcal), vitamin A (by at least 131 μg RAE/1,000 kcal), vitamin D (by at least 0.9 μg/1,000 kcal) and vitamin E (by at least 0.5 mg/1,000 kcal), magnesium (by at least 23 mg/1,000 kcal) and potassium (by at least 336 mg/1,000 kcal) (p<0.001). However, as compared to younger adults aged 19–30 years about a similar proportion of older adults aged 71 years and over were not meeting their Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamins D and E and a greater proportion were not meeting their EAR for calcium and magnesium. Conclusion While nutrient densities increased with age for some nutrients, diets of older adults should be more nutrient dense to meet their EAR for selected nutrients.