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Different Duration of Diet Transitions from a High‐fat Diet to a Normal‐fat Diet before Pregnancy Deferentially Affect the Phenotypes of Offspring Obesity with a Sex‐dependent Manner
Author(s) -
Fu Qiang,
Zhou Yi,
Xu Huiting,
Olson Patrick,
Xie Linglin
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.45.3
Subject(s) - offspring , pregnancy , weaning , obesity , overweight , in utero , physiology , endocrinology , biology , medicine , fetus , genetics
It is now well established that in utero and in early life exposure to under‐nutrition or over‐nutrition can disrupt normal growth and development and thus results in a higher risk for offspring obesity in adult life. Therefore, important information/evidence is urgently needed regarding if and how a pre‐pregnancy healthy diet strategy would be beneficial to obese women or women who have been on long‐term unhealthy western‐style diet on pregnancy outcomes. Unfortunately, no evidence‐based strategy regarding the optimal duration of the diet intervention for the women at childbearing age is currently available. We used a murine model to study whether switching from a high‐fat diet to a normal‐fat diet (H1N group) 1 week, 5 weeks (H5N group) or 9 weeks (H9N group) before pregnancy could lead to in utero reprogramming of female offspring obesity; comparator groups were offspring given a consistent maternal high‐fat diet (HF group) or normal‐fat diet (NF group) until weaning. Another group of offspring (the REF group), which were fed the control diet and were born to breeding pairs given the control diet, served as the reference group to show the normal ranges for a given characteristic. After weaning, all offspring were given the high‐fat diet for either 9 or 12 weeks before killed humanely. The female offspring of H1N dam were obese and the female offspring of HF and H5N dams were overweight, while the NF and H9N female offspring slowly gained body weight during experimental period and were only lightly but significantly higher than REF female offspring at week 12. However, only male offspring from H1N group, but not other groups, were obese; and the HF male offspring slowly gained body weight and was heavier than H5N, H9N NF or REF at week 12. There were significantly enlarged subcutaneous fat and gonadal fat pads in H1N male offspring versus male from any other dams. For female, only H1N offspring, but not other groups, enlarged gonadal fat pads, but not subcutaneous fat pad. We performed IPGTTs of the offspring at the end of week 9 and week 12 of the postweaning HF diet. At both time points, female HF, H1N and H5N, but not NF and H9N offspring were glucose intolerant. However for male, only H1N and H5N, but not NF, HF or H9N offspring were glucose intolerant. In addition, the glucose level of H5N male offspring was unable to return to basal level, suggesting a high risk for diabetes. In summary, our data suggested that a short term transition (H1N and H5N) were not beneficial to reduce offspring obesity, however a longer tern transition (H9N) reduced the risk for offspring obesity and the phenotypes of obesity were gender dependent. Support or Funding Information This study is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH‐1R15HL117238 to LX and the American Heart Association (Scientist Development Grant13SDG14650009 to LX).