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Effects of Increased Dietary Protein on Daily Appetite Control, Satiety, and Free‐living Ad Libitum Food Intake during Acute Energy Restriction in Healthy, Overweight Women
Author(s) -
Gwin Jess A
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.415.5
Subject(s) - appetite , overweight , evening , meal , food science , morning , obesity , medicine , zoology , biology , physics , astronomy
Background Higher‐protein (HP) energy restriction (ER) diets improve body composition and weight management to a greater extent than standard‐protein (SP) versions. Improvements in appetite and satiety are proposed mechanisms‐of‐action. However, most mechanistic studies are limited by the lack of acclimation to the study treatments; the failure to match protein quality between study treatments; and the absence of daily, ad libitum feeding assessments. Purpose To investigate the effects of consuming SP vs. HP diets on daily appetite control, satiety, and ad libitum food intake in healthy, overweight women during ER. Methods Seventeen women (age: 36±1y; BMI: 28.4±0.1kg/m 2 ) completed the following randomized, controlled‐feeding, cross‐over design study. Participants consumed 3 ER diets (1250 kcal/d) containing SP (15% of energy from protein; 48g protein/d) or HP (40% of energy from protein; 124g protein/d). The SP diets contained all plant proteins (PLANT) or a combination of beef and plant proteins (BEEF), whereas HP contained BEEF. Breakfast, lunch, dinner, and an evening snack were provided for 7 days/diet. On day 6 of each pattern, participants completed a tightly‐controlled 12‐h testing day consisting of questionnaires assessing perceived hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption (PFC), and food cravings. On day 7, protein intake was held constant but carbohydrate and fat‐rich foods were provided ad libitum at each meal and snack. Results HP‐BEEF led to a 20% reduction in daily hunger (p<0.05) and a 15% increase in daily fullness (p<0.05) vs. both SP diets. HP‐BEEF also led to a 21% reduction in daily desire to eat (p<0.05) and a 17% reduction in PFC (p<0.05) vs. both SP diets. Cravings for fast‐foods and total food cravings were lower following HP vs. both SP diets (both, p<0.05). By design, daily protein intake was greater following HP vs. SP diets (p<0.05). However, ad libitum carbohydrate and fat intake were not voluntarily reduced following the HP vs. SP diets ( Figure 1; p<0.05). Lastly, no differences in any study outcomes were detected between the SP‐PLANT vs. SP‐BEEF diets. Conclusions Although appetite control and satiety were improved following a high‐protein, energy restriction diet compared to standard‐protein versions, increased protein consumption did not reduce free‐living daily food intake in overweight, healthy women exposed to ad libitum, highly palatable foods. Support or Funding Information The Beef Checkoff