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Incorporation of Almonds in a Cholesterol‐lowering Diet Improves non‐ABCA1‐mediated Cholesterol Efflux in Normal Weight Adults
Author(s) -
Berryman Claire E.,
Fleming Jennifer A.,
KrisEtherton Penny M.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.293.2
Subject(s) - abca1 , cholesterol , efflux , context (archaeology) , crossover study , chemistry , endocrinology , medicine , apolipoprotein b , transporter , biochemistry , biology , paleontology , alternative medicine , pathology , gene , placebo
We previously showed that a cholesterol‐lowering diet with almonds, substituted for an isocaloric high‐CHO snack, maintains greater HDL‐C concentrations. However, recent evidence suggests that the cardioprotective effects of HDL may be more dependent on function than absolute HDL‐C levels. Therefore, a randomized, 2‐period (6 wk/period), crossover, controlled‐feeding study was designed to investigate the effects of 1.5 oz./d almonds vs. a calorie‐matched, high CHO snack, within the context of a cholesterol‐loweringdiet, on measures of global and transporter‐specific [ATP‐binding cassette (ABC)sub‐family A1 and non‐ABCA1 (global minus ABCA1 transporter)] cholesterol efflux. Differences in nutrient profiles of the control (CON: 58% CHO, 15%PRO, 26% FAT, no almonds/d) and almond (ALD: 51% CHO, 16% PRO, 32% FAT, 1.5 oz. of almonds/d) diets were due to nutrients inherent to each snack and did not differ in saturated fat or cholesterol. Participants (n=48) were generally healthy adults (mean ± SD, BMI: 26 ± 3 kg/m 2 ; HDL‐C: 55 ± 16 mg/dL) with elevated LDL‐C (149 ± 20 mg/dL). There were no significant treatment effects of ALD vs. CON on global (10.2 ± 1.8 vs. 10.0 ± 1.7%, respectively) or transporter‐specific (ABCA1: 2.8 ± 1.2vs. 2.7 ± 1.2% and non‐ABCA1: 7.4 ± 1.3 vs. 7.3 ± 1.1%, respectively) cholesterol efflux (P >0.05). However, subgroup analyses revealed that responses to diet were dependent on body mass [diet treatment × baseline BMI category (BMI <25 vs. ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ), P=0.02] and, in normal weight participants (n=14), the almond diet preservednon‐ABCA1 efflux (8.3 ± 1.7 vs. 7.8 ± 1.0%; P=0.01) compared to the control diet; this effect did not persist in overweight and obese (n=34) participants (ALD:7.0 ± 0.2 vs. CON: 7.1 ± 0.2%; P=0.93). Body mass appears to influence responsiveness to dietary manipulations; specifically, when almonds (1.5 oz./d) are incorporated in a cholesterol‐lowering diet, individuals with a normal BMI, but not those who are overweight or obese, show improved non‐ABCA1‐mediatedcholesterol efflux, an important step in the anti‐atherogenic reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Support or Funding Information Supported by the Almond Board of California.