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Exercise Improves Microvascular Reactivity in the Comorbidity between the Metabolic Syndrome and Depression
Author(s) -
Branyan Kayla,
DeVallance Evan,
Lemaster Kent,
Chahal Ikttesh,
Frisbee Jefferson,
Chantler Paul
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1282.8
Subject(s) - metabolic syndrome , medicine , comorbidity , depression (economics) , endothelial dysfunction , arterial stiffness , confounding , dyslipidemia , chronic stress , endocrinology , insulin resistance , cardiology , obesity , blood pressure , economics , macroeconomics
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing in prevalence at an alarming rate to where one out of every five Americans has multiple components of the disease. These components include dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and a chronic pro‐inflammatory state. Another disorder that is steadily rising is depression and it is estimated that 15.7 million adults in the United States suffer from its symptoms. Much is known about each disorder separately, but there is little evidence on comorbidity between the two. Both disorders are known to increase the risk of vascular dysfunction, and therefore also lead to an increase risk for poor cardiovascular outcomes. It is also known that exercise can be used as an intervention for MetS and depression. To determine if the comorbidity between MetS and depression have a confounding effect on microvasculature, specifically the gracilis arteriole, obese Zucker rats (OZRs) and lean Zucker rats (LZRs) were used as a model of MetS and healthy controls, respectively. An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) protocol was administered to mimic daily, chronic stress. OZRs and LZRs were then separated into experimental groups including: control, UCMS, exercise, and UCMS plus exercise. The gracilis arteriole was isolated and then hung in a pressurized vessel myobath to be exposed to increasing doses of acetylcholine, to assess endothelial function, and phenylephrine to examine adrenergic constrictor response. OZRs had a decreased overall gracilis reactivity from that of LZRs (p<0.01). The LZR‐UCMS group had decreased reactivity as compared to their controls (p<0.01) whereas OZR‐UCMS only had a slight decrease in gracilis reactivity. Exercise alone improved the gracilis reactivity in OZRs by 20% (p<0.01) but there was a significant increase in reactivity in the LZRs. In OZRs that were stressed and exercised, reactivity was recovered to control values. LZRs on the other hand had a 10% decrease in reactivity compared to their controls but exercise increased reactivity slightly when compared to the LZR‐UCMS group (p<0.01). TEMPOL only had an effect in the OZR groups which may suggest that adding a radical scavenger does not provide extra improvement in already healthy vasculature. These data suggest that the comorbidity between MetS and depression may have a confounding effect on healthy vasculature, but it does not necessarily increase microvascular dysfunction in already impaired vessels. It also suggests that exercise and radical scavenger intervention may be beneficial in improving microvascular reactivity in these disorders. Support or Funding Information AHA NIH