Premium
Pigs Fed a Western Diet Develop Elevated Fasting Glucose and a Microbiome Analogous to Human Obesity
Author(s) -
Hintze Korry,
Cox Lindsay,
Lefevre Michael,
Isom S. Clay
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.124.5
Subject(s) - micronutrient , calorie , feces , zoology , biology , national health and nutrition examination survey , medicine , population , endocrinology , environmental health , paleontology , pathology
Previously we developed the Total Western Diet (TWD) for mice, a basal diet that emulates average American intakes for both macro and micronutrients. To extend the model, the TWD for pigs was formulated using the principle of nutrient density (mass of nutrient/kcal/day). As a model for a typical Western Diet, we selected the 50 th percentile daily intake levels for macro and micronutrients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The relative contribution of total carbohydrates, fats, protein and micronutrients to total calories consumed at the NHANES 50 th percentile was determined; these ratios were then used to formulate the pig TWD. The carbohydrate content of the TWD was further portioned into either simple or complex carbohydrates to match NHANES data. The fat portion of the TWD contains a diverse set of fat sources in order to match the dietary fatty acid profile reported in NHANES. To determine effects of the TWD on metabolism and the microbiome, ten female, mature pigs were assigned to either the TWD (n=5) or a control (CON), low‐fat commercial sow diet (n=5). Pigs were fed for 12 weeks and allowed ad lib access to diets. Blood and fecal samples were collected at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks to determine effects of treatment on fasted glucose and taxonomy of the microbiome. Pigs fed the TWD gained significantly more weight, 92.8 ± 9.5 vs. 54.2 ± 11.2 kg ( p < 0.001 ) and had an increased fasted blood glucose, 123.2 ± 13.7 vs 91.4 ± 7.9 mg/dl ( p < 0.01 ) compared to control pigs . Principal coordinates analysis using unweighted Unifrac distance revealed that dietary treatment caused distinct microbiomes after 6 weeks of feeding. Moreover, pigs fed the TWD shifted from a Bacteroidetes to Firmicute dominated microbiome after 12 weeks on treatment ( p < 0.01 ). The microbiome of pigs fed the CON diet remained Bacteroidetes dominant. These data suggest that the American diet pattern when fed to pigs is obesegenic, diabetogenic and causes shifts in the microbiome associated with obesity in humans. Support or Funding Information Utah Sate University SPARC Grant Program