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Effect of a dietary and exercise intervention during pregnancy and lactation on white adipose tissue gene profiles and adiposity with maternal obesity
Author(s) -
Symonds Michael,
Bloor Ian,
Galvez Fernandez,
Domfeh Emmanuel,
Maicas Blasco,
Poston Lucilla,
Taylor Paul
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1214.3
Subject(s) - lactation , endocrinology , medicine , adipose tissue , offspring , white adipose tissue , pregnancy , obesity , biology , lipid metabolism , genetics
Background and aims The recent surge in maternal obesity and its associated outcomes has led to an increase in intervention studies designed to attenuate the potential adverse effects on both the mother and offspring. Pregnancy and lactation are periods of great maternal metabolic flux and regulation of adipose tissue metabolism which is one potential determinant of the adverse outcome. This study focuses on the gene expression profile of the inguinal white adipose depot with maternal obesity and its response to an intervention designed to alleviate obesity. Methods Sprague Dawley dams (n=17) were randomized to control (C; n=6), obesity (Ob; n=5) or obesity intervention (ObDEx; dietary (low glycaemic index diet) and physical exercise (n=6)) groups. At late gestation (G20) all dams were euthanized and adipose tissues were weighed and then stored in RNA later. The study was then repeated but all dams were taken through to lactation day 14 before tissue collection. To analyze gene expression for those genes involved in energy sensing, inflammation, lipid handling and beiging, QPCR assays were applied and mRNA abundance was calculated using geNorm. Results Expression of genes involved in energy sensing (e.g. Akt, INS‐R1/2, LPL, mTOR), inflammation (e.g. TLR4, TNFα) and lipid handling (e.g. CD36, FATP4, LPL, SREBP) pathways were all significantly higher in pregnancy compared with lactation for controls, whereas beiging (e.g. UCP1) was unaffected. These differences were further increased in the presence of obesity, but attenuated with the intervention during pregnancy but not lactation. ObDex also reduced both fat mass (C: 5.4±0.8; Ob: 8.3±0.7; ObDEx; 4.4±0.3 g (P<0.01)) and serum leptin (C: 4.2±0.7; Ob: 11.9±1.7; ObDEx; 5.0±0.9 ng/ml (P<0.01)) in pregnancy whilst fetal weight was unaffected. Conclusions A combined dietary and exercise intervention improved the maternal metabolic gene profile within white fat and prevented excess adiposity. This effect appeared to be confined to pregnancy due to the pronounced metabolic adaptations within fat through lactation. The longer term consequences for the offspring are currently being examined. Support or Funding Information Acknowledgements: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013), project EarlyNutrition under grant agreement no. 289346.