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Impact of Vitamin C supplementation on Risk for Cardiovascular events: future scenario for the elderly US population
Author(s) -
Vecchio Maria Gabriella,
Minto Clara,
Gregori Dario
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1172.3
Subject(s) - micronutrient , medicine , population , ascorbic acid , cohort , vitamin , vitamin c , environmental health , cohort study , food science , biology , pathology
Background Micronutrients are an essential component in nutrition, ensuring the maintenance of a good state of health. Nowadays, among the global population, there is a high consumption of food supplementation in particular for what concern micronutrients. Several studies demonstrated that vitamins (i.e Folic acid, Vitamin C, β‐carotene), due to their intrinsic properties, have a proven efficacy toward a series of potential health targets. The aim of this study was to produce an estimation of the public health impact that vitamin supplementations have in terms of cardiovascular events risk reduction on the U.S. elderly population over the next 10 years. Methods Relevant articles published until September 2014 were collected using electronic database PubMed. The search string was “vitamins”, limited to “clinical trials or cohort studies” and “humans”. 18091 records were retrieved and screened. Selected papers entered the meta‐analysis for effects of micronutrients. A random‐effect Der‐Simonian Laird model was estimated for the risk of having any cardiovascular event in cases of supplementation (irrespectively of dosage) or no supplementation. Dose‐response curve has been estimated using a over‐dispersed binomial meta‐regression model. Scenarios have been extrapolated to US via stochastic simulations (10000 Monte Carlo runs). Results No significant reduction of Cardiovascular Events (CE) risk was found for Folic Acid (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91 – 1.02), β‐Carotene (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96 – 1.05) and Vitamin C (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.95 – 1.11), irrespectively from dose. Only for Vitamin C, reduction in risk is significantly associated with dose of supplementation higher than 400 mg/day. Conclusion In USA, more than 40 million people are older than 65 years. The figures increased from 2000 to 2010 census by 5276231 people. Assuming a steady growth also in the forthcoming years, a wide adoption of Vitamin C supplementation in adult and elderly population of 400mg/day could be associated in avoiding approximately additional 377670 (95% CI 256450 – 459998) CE in the forthcoming 10 years. Cardiovascular events risk and vitamin supplementationVitamin Dose (mg/day) OR for CE 95% CIVitamin C 400 0.93 (0.88, 0.99)β‐Carotene 50 0.28 (0.03, 3.00)Folic Acid 2000 21.20 (0.01, 60.11)