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Milk Proteins and Amino Acids Modulate Inflammatory Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Author(s) -
Da Silva Marine S,
Bigo Cyril,
Barbier Olivier,
Rudkowska Iwona
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1169.10
Subject(s) - valine , isoleucine , amino acid , glutamine , leucine , hydrolysate , chemistry , biochemistry , tumor necrosis factor alpha , inflammation , gene expression , gene , biology , immunology , hydrolysis
The digestion of milk proteins releases bioactive peptides and amino acids which may be beneficial for cardiovascular protection. However, mechanisms underlying the lowering effect of milk proteins on systemic inflammation, a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, remain to be elucidated. Objective To investigate the effect of milk proteins and their major amino acid components on inflammatory gene expression in vitro . Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), stimulated or not with TNFα to trigger inflammation, were incubated for 24h with 1‐ milk proteins: whey protein (0.5 or 5 mg/ml); isolate (WPI) or hydrolysate ((WPH) a mixture of bioactive peptides and amino acids); caseins (CN, 1 mg/ml); a mixture of WPI and CN (WPCN, 1:4 w/w); or 2‐ amino acids (0.2–20 mM): branched‐chain amino acids ((BCAA) including leucine, isoleucine and valine), glutamine or proline. Expression of pro‐inflammatory genes TNF and VCAM‐1 was measured by RT‐PCR. Results WPI caused a down‐regulation of the two pro‐inflammatory genes, whereas WPH and its major BCAA, leucine and isoleucine, had no effect in unstimulated cells. Furthermore in these cells, both CN and WPCN decreased VCAM‐1 expression; however, TNF expression was increased by the mixture WPCN. Glutamine‐ the major amino acid of CN, and valine‐ a BCAA found in both milk proteins, up‐regulated the pro‐inflammatory genes in unstimulated cells. Stimulation of HUVEC with TNFα caused increased expression of TNF and VCAM‐1 . This effect was partially inhibited by WPH and the three BCAA; whereas WPI had no effect in stimulated cells. In addition, CN and WPCN lowered VCAM‐1 together with an increased TNF gene expression in stimulated cells. Glutamine increased VCAM‐1 expression in stimulated cells. Proline had no effects. Conclusion Whey proteins (WPI and WPH) and BCAA exerted anti‐inflammatory effects; whereas CN, the mixture WPCN and glutamine showed pro‐inflammatory properties according to the inflammatory state of endothelial cells. These results support the potential of whey proteins for CVD prevention.