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Evidence Mapping: Resistant Starch Interventions and Health Outcomes
Author(s) -
Sawicki Caleigh M,
Shah Vrushabh,
Livingston Kara A,
Roberts Susan B,
Chung Mei,
McKeown Nicola M
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1154.26
Subject(s) - resistant starch , psychological intervention , postprandial , medicine , glycemic , overweight , starch , obesity , environmental health , biology , food science , insulin , psychiatry
Resistant starch has potential health benefits including improving glycemic control, increasing satiety, and gut health. The aim of this project was to use evidence mapping methodology to summarize published data on the relationship between resistant starch consumption and several physiological health outcomes. A newly developed fiber database, comprised of human intervention studies published from 1946 to September 2013, identified 76 publications detailing dietary interventions using resistant starch. Within the 76 publications, 104 resistant starch interventions were identified, which varied widely in description of type and/or source of resistant starch. Descriptive analyses were performed to summarize study design characteristics, exposures, and outcomes, and weighted scatter plots were used to visualize gaps in the current body of research. The majority of studies were randomized crossover designs (74%) in adult populations (92%). The physiological health outcomes most frequently studied were colonic fermentation/short chain fatty acid production (17%), postprandial glucose and insulin metabolism (16%), and fecal bulking/laxation (10%). There was little available information on blood pressure, blood lipids, and transit time. Only 7 studies (9%) had a sample size of more than 50 subjects, and 37% of interventions were acute studies that lasted less than 2 days. The effect of resistant starch on health outcomes among overweight, obese, or metabolically at‐risk subjects is lacking, reported in only 19% of studies. Moving forward, dietary intervention studies examining the effect of different resistant starches could be of longer duration in a wider range of subjects and health outcomes, and a meta‐analysis could be employed to synthesize the research and strengthen the cumulative evidence on this topic. Support or Funding Information This project was supported by a grant from the International Life Science Institute ‐ North America Branch, Technical Committee on Carbohydrates