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An Enlarged Anatomical Model of Ear in Wax (Tramond, Paris), late 19th century
Author(s) -
LE FLOCHPRIGENT PATRICE P,
FROMANGER MARINE,
GILLOT JEANBERNARD,
VERDEILLE STEPHANE
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1040.4
Subject(s) - anatomy , middle ear , temporal bone , malleus , auricle , incus , eustachian tube , inner ear , medicine , stapes
A wax ear model was observed in its anatomical veracity and its structures detailed by a CT‐scan examination. It was 13 cm high, 17 cm long and 17 cm high. The three parts of the ear were represented. The auricle (11,7 cm high, 8 cm antero‐posterior, 5 cm transversal) represented the cartilaginous part and several muscles, the external auditory conduct ; the middle ear represented the tympanic membrane, the malleus and the uncus, the facial nerve and the tympanic cord ; the internal ear represented the superior part of the cochleo‐vestibular apparatus. The temporal bone was represented with its squamous part, the petrous pyramid and the tympanal bone. The end of the internal carotid artery ( 5 cm long, 1 cm in diameter) was represented in red as the middle meningeal artery on the the endocranial face of the squamous part of the temporal bone covered by a thin transparent layer of wax representing the dura mater. The lateral part of the Eustachian tube was represented (6 cm long, 1,3 cm in diameter). Not any element could be removed from its adjacent parts, this was dued to the construction in wax. The CT‐scan (Siemens somatom definition) proved that the anatomical part in wax was made by two joined elements. An internal metallic wire attached it to the plaster foot (12 cm high, 12 cm wide). The basis in wood was 29 cm in diameter and comprised two labels : one metallic and one in paper authentifying Tramond as the craftman. He was active late in the 19th century and during the beginning of the 20th century.