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Cranial Index and Pattern of Head Shapes in Children Aged 0 – 36 months from Sokoto, Nigeria
Author(s) -
Musa Muhammad A,
Zagga Abdullahi Daudu,
Danfulani Mohammed,
Hamid Ahmed,
Usman Jibrin Danjuma,
Abdulhameed Aliu,
Dahiru Mohammed
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1038.1
Subject(s) - medicine , head (geology) , skull , brachycephaly , anatomy , biology , paleontology
This study investigated the pattern of head shapes in children with normal brain development using cranial index values. Head Length (HL), Head Width (HW) and Cranial Index (CI) of 210 normal growing children (100 males and 110 females) aged 0 – 36 months old seen at the Institute of Child Health Center, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto over the period of six months were determined using internationally accepted landmarks and procedures. The pattern of head shapes was investigated using the cranial index values obtained from the study participants. The overall mean and standard deviation values for head length, head width and cranial index were 13.79±1.79 cm, 10.95±1.39 cm and 79.49±3.42 respectively. A statistically significant increase (p = 0.0203) was observed in the head width of males when compared to that of females. Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference observed in the mean head length and mean cranial index values between the sexes. The dominant head shape type observed in males was Mesocephaly (31.90%) and Brachycephaly (26.19%) in females while the least observed head shape pattern was Hyperbrachycephaly (1.42%) in males and Dolicocephaly (0.47%) in females. The head measurements, cranial index and pattern of head shapes evaluated in this study are good indicators of skull and brain growth, thus can be of clinical importance in determining the timing and etiology of brain insults, especially in the first three years of life. Support or Funding Information Nil 1 Mean ± SD of Head Measurements and Cranial Index of Study Participants.Head Measurements N Minimum Value Maximum Value Age Range (months) Mean ± SDHead Length (cm) 210 10.50 17.20 0–36 13.79±1.79Head Width (cm) 210 8.30 14.30 0–36 10.95±1.39Cranial Index (%) 210 68.39 89.29 0–36 79.49±3.42Keys:N ‐ Number of Study ParticipantsSD ‐ Standard Deviation2 Comparison between the Overall Mean ± SD of Head Measurements and Cranial Index in Relation to Sex.Head Measurements N Males (N = 100) Females (N = 110) p‐valueHead Length (cm) 210 14.30±1.53 13.33±1.89 6.0560Head Width (cm) 210 11.18±1.15 10.73±1.55 0.0203 *Cranial Index (%) 210 78.26±3.15 80.61±3.27 2 9992Keys:N ‐ Number of Study Participant* Statistically significant difference between sexescm ‐ Centimeter% ‐ Percentage