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Combination of Anti‐Inflammatory Nutrients shows Synergistic Potential at Modulating Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines in an In Vitro S etting
Author(s) -
Connaughton RM,
Kirwan AM,
McMorrow AM,
McGillicuddy FC,
Lithander FE,
Roche HM
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.lb234
Subject(s) - chemistry , polyphenol , polyunsaturated fatty acid , inflammation , nutrient , biochemistry , proinflammatory cytokine , cytokine , pharmacology , biology , immunology , antioxidant , fatty acid , organic chemistry
LC n‐3 PUFAs, vitamin C and EGCG display anti‐inflammatory properties. Studies looking at these nutrients individually have shown mixed results. A combination of anti‐inflammatory nutrients may be more beneficial at modulating inflammation. We hypothesize that the synergistic potential of a combination of anti‐inflammatory nutrients would be greater than the effect of single nutrients and polyphenols. J774.2 macrophages were pre‐treated with EPA, DHA, vitamins C and E, EGCG and lycopene (50µM) individually or in different combinations (final concentration 50µM) for 24hrs. J774.2 macrophages were LPS‐stimulated (10ng/ml) for 3‐24hrs to assess cytokine secretion. ATP (5mM) was added to assess IL‐1β. Several signalling pathways were determined by immunoblot analysis. All 6 compounds combined attenuated LPS‐induced IL‐6 and ATP‐induced IL‐1β secretion. The pathways being modulated by the nutrients varied. LC n‐3 PUFAs reduced LPS‐induced TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β. The anti‐oxidant/polyphenols modulated IL‐6 and IL‐1β as effectively as LC n‐3 PUFA, but did not alter TNF‐α. The mechanistic basis of the IL‐1β response was different. Pro‐IL‐1β priming was significantly reduced by LC n‐3 PUFA, whereas the anti‐oxidant/polyphenols did not reduce pro‐IL‐1β, indicating they modulate activation of IL‐1β. The anti‐inflammatory potential of LC n‐3 PUFA versus anti‐oxidant/polyphenol combinations is very different. Additionally, LC n‐3 PUFA reduced priming of pro‐IL‐1β, whereas the anti‐oxidant/polyphenol combination did not. Funding: National Children's Research Centre, Ireland & SFI 11/PI/1117