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Cornus officinalis Modulates the Production of Pro‐Inflammatory Molecules in Lipopolysaccharide‐Activated RAW264.7 Macrophages
Author(s) -
Akhavan Neda,
Feresin Rafaela,
Johnson Sarah,
Pourafshar Shirin,
Elam Marcus,
Hsieh YunHwa,
Salazar Gloria,
Arjmandi Bahram
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.922.30
Subject(s) - lipopolysaccharide , polyphenol , chemistry , nitric oxide , tumor necrosis factor alpha , chlorogenic acid , in vivo , cyclooxygenase , pharmacology , inflammation , biochemistry , food science , enzyme , biology , immunology , antioxidant , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry
Cornus officinalis (CO) are berries found predominantly in China and Korea and have been used in Eastern medicine due to their polyphenolic content. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of different doses of CO extract (COE) on inflammatory molecules including nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated RAW264.7 macrophages. CO was extracted using methanol and total polyphenolic content (TPC) was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Macrophages were treated with different doses of COE (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 µg/mL) two hours prior to stimulation with 100 ng/mL of LPS. TPC of COE was 1,872.8 ppm with anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid being the most abundant polyphenols found in COE. COE at doses of 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml were able to significantly ( P < 0.05) decrease NO levels compared to LPS. No significant changes were observed in TNF‐α levels. COE dose‐dependently decreased COX‐2 levels when compared to LPS ( P < 0.05) while no effects of COE were observed on COX‐1 levels. The results from study indicate that COE is rich in polyphenols and possesses anti‐inflammatory properties suggesting a possible role as a complementary and alternative therapy to prevent inflammation. However, in vivo and human studies are needed to confirm this.