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Associations Between Amniotic Fluid Minerals and Fetal Ultrasound Measurements
Author(s) -
Knipping Lauren,
Koski Kristine,
Cue Roger
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.921.1
Subject(s) - fetus , medicine , gestational age , selenium , pregnancy , multivitamin , gestation , endocrinology , obstetrics , chemistry , biology , genetics , organic chemistry , vitamin
Background Amniotic fluid (AF) contains macro‐ and micro‐minerals (MMM) ingested by the fetus through fetal swallowing, but few studies have examined their influence on fetal growth. Objective To determine the impact of 15 MMM concentrations (Mg, K, Ca, Al, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ag, Pb, Fe, Cr, As, Se) in 2 nd trimester AF on 5 fetal ultrasound measurements: estimated weight, bi‐parietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length in early (16‐20 wk) and late (32‐36 wk) gestation. Methods: AF was collected at amniocentesis (12‐20 wk). AF MMM concentrations were measured by ICP‐MS. Each fetal ultrasound measurement was tested as a dependent variable using multiple regressions, with each MMM entered as an independent variable while controlling for selected variables (multivitamin‐mineral supplementation, gestational age, estimated weight, amniocentesis wk, pre‐pregnancy BMI, parity, maternal height, ethnicity). Results: In early pregnancy, copper was associated with both lower bi‐parietal diameter and lower abdominal circumference; nickel, zinc and lead with lower head circumference; copper and zinc with greater abdominal circumference; and selenium with lower femur length. In late pregnancy, calcium was associated with greater bi‐parietal diameter and lead with greater abdominal circumference. In addition, calcium was associated with greater change in bi‐parietal diameter; nickel and copper with greater change in head circumference; and selenium with greater change in femur length from early to late pregnancy. Conclusion AF concentrations of calcium, copper, zinc, lead, nickel and selenium are associated with fetal growth changes during pregnancy independent of multivitamin‐mineral supplementation.