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High‐calorie diet (HCD) induced elevation in calprotectin and lipocalin‐2 correlates with changes in gut bacteria and their metabolites in a porcine model
Author(s) -
Radhakrishnan Sridhar,
Reddivari Lavanya,
Yu Haining,
Knight Rob,
Vanamala Jairam
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.913.13
Subject(s) - calprotectin , medicine , bifidobacterium , feces , isovalerate , gut flora , metabolome , endocrinology , biomarker , chemistry , biology , bacteria , lactobacillus , metabolite , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , inflammatory bowel disease , disease , butyrate , fermentation , genetics
We showed that HCD elevated colonic oxidative stress, inflammation as well as colonocyte proliferation zone (PZ), a biomarker for colon cancer, in pig model. Calprotectin (CP) and lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) are non‐invasive markers of intestinal inflammation, however the HCD influence on these markers and their correlation with PZ, colonic bacteria and their metabolites in a human‐relevant pig model is not known. We hypothesized that HCD elevated CP and LCN2 will correlate with PZ, gut bacteria and their metabolites. To test this hypothesis, pigs (n = 8) were provided either standard diet (SD; 5% fat) or HCD (25% fat) for 13 wk. HCD elevated (P = 0.002 and P = 0.0006) colon digesta CP and LCN2 (ELISA) and these markers correlated (r = 0.521, r = 0.626; P = 0.05) with PZ. HCD consuming animals had reduced fecal Bifidobacterium spp. (16s rRNA sequencing, P = 0.019) that negatively correlated with CP, LCN2 and PZ (r = ‐0.700, r = ‐0.609 and r = ‐0.682, respectively; P = 0.05). HCD consumption also suppressed (P = 0.05) distal colon levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), isobutyrate/isovalerate, that positively correlated with Bifidobacterium spp. (r = 0.607, r = 0.610; P = 0.05). SCFA negatively correlated with CP and LCN2 (r = ‐0.554, ‐0.626 for isobutyrate; r = ‐0.554, ‐0.591 for isovalerate, P = 0.05). These results suggest that fecal CP and LCN2 could be used to predict dietary influences on distal colon that is susceptible to colon cancer. These results have important implications for testing anti‐inflammatory food products and drugs in a human‐relevant pig model.