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Effect of Macronutrient Ingestion on Flow‐Mediated Dilation: A Meta‐Regression Analysis
Author(s) -
Early Amy,
Thom Nathaniel,
Hunt Brian,
Herring Matthew
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.793.5
Subject(s) - meal , medicine , ingestion , regression analysis , analysis of variance , statistics , mathematics
Background Attenuated flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) is related to a higher risk of death by cardiovascular event; thus, exploring the contexts in which FMD is reduced, such as post‐meal consumption, is important for public health. Several factors alter post‐prandial endothelial function, but the overall effect of these factors has not been evaluated. Thus, meta‐regression analysis was performed on the effects of meal ingestion on FMD, with the goal of quantifying the variance associated with the overall effect. Methods: Articles published between 1992 and 2014 were included if they measured FMD in humans pre and post meal ingestion. 96 articles involving 2685 subjects were analyzed using an unstandardized mean gain random effects model; significant moderators were decomposed using meta‐regression. Results: Meal consumption significantly reduced FMD by a heterogeneous mean effect size Δ of 2.02 (CI: ‐2.36, ‐1.67). Significant variance was explained by meal‐type, sex, age, and BMI. Specifically, ingestion of glucose decreased FMD more than a mixed meal [3.02 (CI: ‐3.73, ‐2.31) vs. 1.83 (CI: ‐2.17, ‐1.49)]. Compared to men, women showed less attenuation [2.47 (CI: ‐3.27, ‐1.67) vs. 0.29 (CI: ‐0.82, 0.23)], and older subjects showed greater reduction than younger ones [<30 = 2.36 (CI: ‐3.08, ‐1.64), 30‐60 = 1.57 (CI: ‐1.87, ‐1.28), > 60 = 3.75 (CI: ‐4.60, ‐2.91). BMI also moderated the effect of meal consumption on FMD [normal = 2.36 (CI: ‐2.88, ‐1.84) above normal = 1.68 (CI: ‐2.17, ‐1.20). Conclusion Meal ingestion significantly reduced FMD; effects were moderated by meal‐type, sex, age, and BMI. Future studies should control for these moderators. Wheaton College Research in Residence provided funding