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A Lutein Nano‐Emulsion is more Effective than Regular Lutein in Protecting Cholesterol‐Induced Liver Injury by Increasing Lutein Bioavailability in Guinea Pigs
Author(s) -
Murillo Gabriela,
Hu Siqi,
Aguilar David,
Missimer Amanda,
Smyth Joan,
Gan Sarah,
Fernandez MariaLuz
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.604.2
Subject(s) - lutein , bioavailability , steatosis , carotenoid , chemistry , medicine , endocrinology , food science , pharmacology
Regular lutein (R‐lutein) vs lutein prepared in nano‐emulsion (NANO) (average particle diameter = 250 nm) were compared on their effects in reducing hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation in guinea pigs with diet‐induced liver injury. Twenty four guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups (8/group) and were fed for 6 weeks either a hypercholesterolemic diet (0.25g/100g dietary cholesterol) only (control) or in combination with 3 mg/d of R‐Lutein or 3 mg/d of lutein as NANO. Plasma lutein was 3 times higher in the NANO group compared to the R‐Lutein group (68.3 vs 22.7 nmol/L, respectively) while there was no detectable plasma lutein in control guinea pigs. Lutein concentrations in liver (p< 0.001), adipose (p< 0.001) and eyes (p< 0.001) were greater in the NANO, intermediate in the R‐Lutein and almost non‐existent in the control group indicating that lutein in NANO is more easily absorbed and delivered to the target tissues. Further, guinea pigs fed NANO lutein had hepatic steatosis scores of 2.04 ± 0.53 which were lower than those found in control (2.50 ± 0.45) or in guinea pigs from the R‐lutein group (2.63± 0.26) (p< 0.025). Inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin (IL)‐1 beta and Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 were lower in the NANO group compared to the R‐Lutein or the control groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that utilizing a nano‐delivery mechanism, results in higher lutein bioavailability and a greater protection against hepatic steatosis and inflammation