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Vitamin D Status is Low in Mothers with Preeclampsia and Their Infants: a Case Control Study from Serbia
Author(s) -
DjekicIvankovic Marija,
Weiler Hope,
Jones Glenville,
Kaufmann Martin,
Kaludjerovic Jovana,
AleksicVelickovic Vesna,
Mandic Ljuba,
Glibetic Maria
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.590.6
Subject(s) - vitamin d and neurology , medicine , fortification , vitamin d deficiency , preeclampsia , gestational age , zoology , pregnancy , vitamin , cord blood , endocrinology , obstetrics , chemistry , food science , biology , genetics
Low 25‐hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25‐OH‐D 3 ) concentration in pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia (PE) based on studies from countries with vitamin D fortification policy. The objective of this study is to determine if vitamin D intake and status is associated with PE in a country without vitamin D fortification. A case control study (n=62) of pregnancies with (case) and without (control) PE was conducted in Serbia in the winter. Maternal and cord blood samples from delivery were measured for plasma 25‐OH‐D 3 , 3‐epi‐25‐hydroxyvitamin D 3 (3‐epi‐25‐OH‐D 3 ) and 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (24,25‐(OH) 2 D 3 ) by LC‐MS/MS. Group differences were tested with ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test and P<0.05. Exogenous vitamin D intake was not different but women with PE delivered infants at younger mean gestational age and had lower plasma 25‐OH‐D 3 , 3‐epi‐25‐OH‐D 3 and 24,25‐(OH) 2 D 3 (table). Case infants were of lower birth weight (Case: 2622 ± 796 vs Control: 3388 ± 381 g, p<0.001), not different in total plasma 25‐OH‐D 3 (Case: 9.38 ± 1.05 vs Control: 11.17 ± 0.99 ng/ml, p=1.000) but with higher proportion of 3‐epi‐25‐OH‐D 3 (Case: 7.95 ± 0.22 vs Control: 7.01 ± 0.21 % of total 25‐OH‐D 3 , p=0.016). A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, defined by plasma 25‐OH‐D<12 ng/ml, was observed in 56% in mothers and 84% in infants. These data underscore the importance of prenatal supplementation and food fortification policy in Serbia.Mothers’ characteristics Control group n=32 Case groupn=30mean SD mean SD P value Age (years) 27.7 4.8 29.1 5.8 0.374 Vitamin D intake Supplemental (IU/day) 198.2 140.4 173.3 163.9 0.453 Gestational age at delivery (weeks) 37.7 0.5 36.3 2.1 0.029 25‐OH‐D 3 (ng/ml) 16.09 5.65 11.23 5.12 0.002 3‐epi‐25‐OH‐D 3 (ng/ml) 0.70 0.21 0.51 0.53 0.008 24,25‐(OH) 2 D 3 (ng/ml) 0.80 0.34 0.76 0.57 1.000