Premium
Lyophilization of Infant‐formula Samples Collected from Low‐income Mothers at ~ 2 Months of Infant Age
Author(s) -
Kavanagh KF,
Lou Z,
Burney JL,
Greer B P,
Bower KM,
Nicklas JC
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.404.3
Subject(s) - infant formula , breastfeeding , bottle , infant feeding , medicine , zoology , formula feeding , pediatrics , biology , mechanical engineering , engineering
One study objective was to determine the solid content of home‐prepared bottles of infant formula and to assess differences in solid content by maternal reports of adding infant cereal to the bottle. WIC‐income‐eligible mothers of healthy, term infants <3 months of age, who were predominantly feeding powdered or from‐concentrate formula (breastfeeding < 2 times/day) were eligible. At ~2 months of age, mothers recorded infant intake for 48 hrs and collected a 1 oz sample from every bottle prepared during the second 24 hrs. Mothers recorded ounces offered, ounces remaining in the bottle, and amount of infant cereal used, if any. Samples were lyophilized to assess water content and percent solids. The expected range in percent solids (PS) of a correctly prepared bottle of infant formula is 11.3‐13.8%. Fifty‐four mothers provided a total of 410 samples. Average PS was within the expected range for the full sample (n=410; 13.2 + 3.1%) and for individual mothers (n=54; 13.3 + 2.6%). However, PS of the 410 samples ranged from 3.1% to 22.5% and the average PS per mother ranged from 5.0% to 22.5%, indicating a wide variation in reconstitution of formula, which differed by cereal‐use. Average PS was unrelated to maternal or infant factors or to average bottle size, but a significant negative relationship was detected between average PS and daily ounces offered (r=‐0.269; p=0.05). However, infant consumption did not differ by PS, despite the inverse relationship between PS and ounces offered, possibly indicating decreased infant self‐regulation, increased caregiver‐control of consumption, cereal‐use, or some combination of such factors. Funds: USDA/NIFA/AFRI Award ‐2010‐85215‐20663.