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Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and Liver Enzyme Activity
Author(s) -
Chiavaroli Laura,
Augustin Livia,
Ireland Christopher,
Mirrahimi Arash,
Sievenpiper John,
Kendall Cyril,
Jenkins David
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.383.2
Subject(s) - postprandial , medicine , glycemic index , glycemic load , fatty liver , insulin resistance , endocrinology , type 2 diabetes , glycemic , metabolic syndrome , diabetes mellitus , blood pressure , liver enzyme , insulin , disease
Objective The relationship between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFL) and insulin resistance, suggests that dietary interventions to reduce postprandial glycemia and insulin demand, i.e. low glycemic index (GI) and low glycemic load (GL) diets, may be relevant to NAFL. Methods Liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were measured in two 3‐month clinical trials of low GI or GL versus control (high cereal fiber) diets in participants with type 2 diabetes (n=212). Baseline liver enzymes were also measured in three additional studies of type 2 diabetes (n=299).
Results In study 1, the low GI diet resulted in significant reductions in both liver enzymes with a greater reduction for AST when compared to the control diet (P<0.05). In study 2, the low GL diet demonstrated significant reductions in both liver enzymes, while the control diet significantly reduced AST. However, the reductions in AST were significantly greater on the low GL diet compared to control (P<0.05).
Using baseline data from studies 1 and 2 as well as 3 additional studies, baseline correlations between liver enzymes and markers of metabolic syndrome revealed significant positive correlations for both AST and ALT with diastolic blood pressure and with triglycerides, and for ALT with fasting glucose, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure (P<0.05). Of the dietary factors correlated with liver enzymes, only dietary cholesterol was positively associated with AST and ALT (P<0.05).
Conclusion Lower GI and GL diets improved liver enzymes and thus may play a role in reducing the risk of NAFL.
Funding: Barilla