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Grape Seed Extract Enhances Jejunum Epithelial Differentiation likely through Suppressing Inflammation in IL10‐/‐ mice
Author(s) -
Bibi Shima,
Kang Yifei,
Du Min,
Zhu MeiJun
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.380.1
Subject(s) - jejunum , inflammation , grape seed extract , klf4 , goblet cell , biology , proinflammatory cytokine , alkaline phosphatase , immunology , endocrinology , medicine , epithelium , transcription factor , biochemistry , pathology , enzyme , sox2 , genetics , alternative medicine , gene
The epithelium of small intestine is constantly renewing, which requires rapid proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells, a process impaired in the gut with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Grape seed extract (GSE) is a natural polyphenolic mixture that possesses anti‐inflammatory effects. In this study, 6‐wk‐old interleukin10‐ deficient ( IL10‐/‐ ) mice were supplemented with GSE (0 or 0.1%) through drinking water for 12 weeks, then the jejunum tissues were collected for the analyses of differentiation and inflammation markers. GSE supplementation resulted in increased jejunal villus height and mucosal length, and enhanced goblet cell density, indicating an enhanced epithelial differentiation. Consistently, the mRNA expression of differentiation related markers including villin, aminopeptidase and glucose transporter‐2 were increased in GSE supplemented jejunum, so did two key differentiation transcription factors, Hairy/Enhancer of Split 1 ( Hes1 ) and Krüppel‐Like Factor‐4 (KLF4). IL10‐/‐ mice are known for enhanced inflammatory response, while inflammation impairs gut epithelial differentiation. Thus, we speculated that improved differentiation in jejunum of IL10‐/‐ deficient mice probably due to its anti‐inflammatory activity. Indeed, GSE supplement down‐regulated TNF‐α, and IFNγ expression and thus regulated NF‐κB signaling. Unexpectedly, GSE reduced intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. In conclusion, GSE promotes jejunum epithelial differentiation in IL10‐/‐ mice, which was likely due to its anti‐inflammatory effect (NIH R15HD073864).