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Breast Milk Collection Method and Diurnal Variation Affect Estimates of Fat‐ and Water‐Soluble Vitamin Content
Author(s) -
Hampel Daniela,
ShahabFerdows Setareh,
Islam Munirul,
Allen Lindsay
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.133.2
Subject(s) - morning , breast milk , evening , micronutrient , zoology , diurnal temperature variation , medicine , vitamin , riboflavin , food science , chemistry , biology , biochemistry , physics , pathology , atmospheric sciences , astronomy , geology
Human milk is recommended as the sole food source for infants 0‐6 mo. Its micronutrient (MN) content is used as basis for making intake recommendations for breast‐fed infants and lactating women. Procedures for collecting representative milk samples are not established. To determine optimal conditions for sample collection, at 2 mo pp we collected milk from 18 healthy Bangladeshi mothers during every feed from the designated breast over 24h, allowing the infant to suckle from the other breast. The first 2min of expressed milk (A) was collected separately from the remainder (B) of the breast contents. A third aliquot (C) was saved by combining (A) and (B). Aliquots were analyzed for vitamins A, E, B1, B2, B3, B6, and B12 using HPLC and LC‐MS/MS. No differences in concentrations among aliquots were found for B1, B6, B12, A and E; (B) was sig. higher in B2 and B3 (P < 0.05, n = 141). Diurnal variations were evaluated by grouping samples into 12 x 2h intervals. All vitamins were lowest between 12‐6am, and highest in the morning (8‐10am, vitamin E) or evening (6pm‐12am, B6, B1). The CV of ~12% for B1 concentration over 24h revealed minor diurnal variation. CVs of 25‐44% for the other vitamins indicated a collection time effect. Samples collected between 2‐4pm represented the daily mean concentrations best (0.3‐6% relative deviation), although daily output of B2 and B6 would be slightly underestimated (18 and 10% respectively). The general practice of collecting fasting milk samples could result in even greater underestimates (up to 36%) of water‐soluble vitamins and an overestimation of 10 and 40% for A and E. Funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1061055)