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What The HIV‐Associated Gut Microbiome May Tell As about The Role of The Adaptive Immune System in Matching Our Gut Microbes to Our Diet
Author(s) -
Lozupone Catherine,
Neff Preston,
Rhodes Matthew,
Donnelly Jody,
Campbell Thomas,
Palmer Brent
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.105.2
Subject(s) - biology , prevotella , gut flora , immune system , microbiome , context (archaeology) , immunology , immunity , feces , acquired immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , genetics , paleontology
Consistent with an important role for adaptive immunity in modulating interactions between intestinal bacteria and host, dramatic alteration in the composition of gut microbes occurs during chronic HIV infection. 16S rRNA sequencing of feces from HIV‐infected individuals revealed that HIV infection is associated with highly characteristic gut community changes, and antiretroviral therapy does not consistently restore the microbiota to an HIV‐negative state. Surprisingly, the microbiota of HIV‐infected individuals in the US was strikingly similar compositionally to a Prevotella‐rich community composition typically observed in healthy individuals in agrarian cultures in Malawi and Venezuela and related to that of US individuals with carbohydrate‐rich/ protein and fat poor diets. This surprising relationship with compositions previously associated with diet/culture indicates a role for adaptive immunity in shaping the microbiota in the context of its environment.