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Water Intake and Hyperinsulinemia in a National Sample of U.S. Adults: An Analysis of NHANES Data
Author(s) -
Johnson Evan,
Cardenas Victor,
Kavouras Stavros
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the faseb journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.709
H-Index - 277
eISSN - 1530-6860
pISSN - 0892-6638
DOI - 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.1044.4
Subject(s) - hyperinsulinemia , national health and nutrition examination survey , waist , medicine , insulin resistance , urine , diabetes mellitus , confounding , urine osmolality , plasma osmolality , endocrinology , obesity , environmental health , population , vasopressin
The purpose of this investigation was to investigate whether water intake was associated with hyperinsulinemia in a probability sample of US adults who were free of diabetes. We examined data on 1,943 participants from the 2009‐2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess if the following independent variables (geometric mean ± SE); urine osmolality (Uosmo, 536 ± 12 mmol/kg), urine flow rate (UFR, 1.28 ± 0.03 ml/min), water consumed as a beverage (Wbev, 184 ± 15 ml), or total water intake from food and beverages (TWI, 2,664 ± 35 ml) predicted fasting plasma insulin (FPI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), or the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA; calculated from FPG and FPI). Relationships were evaluated via multiple linear regression analysis after controlling for metabolic equivalent expenditure, waist circumference (WC), and education level. The data revealed that HOMA was negatively associated with UFR (β =‐0.059, p = 0.030), Wbev (β =‐0.018, p = 0.005), and TWI (β =‐0.085, p = 0.040). Waist circumference appeared to negatively confound the effect of these variables on hyperinsulinemia. Only Wbev was a significant predictor of FPI, (β =‐0.260, p = 0.020). No predictors were significantly related to FPG. Overall, the amount of water consumed, as a beverage, and within all foods and beverages, along with the rate of urine produced was related to insulin resistance in people without diabetes. WC confounding suggested increased water intake in individuals with larger WC may represent early stages of diabetes. Thus, higher TWI seems to provide a protective effect against hyperinsulinemia and the development of diabetes.